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Predicting and contextualizing sensitivity to overfishing in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)

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Abstract

Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) are conspicuous components of the South American ichthyofauna, and may be regionally important as an economic resource. The smallest individuals are exploited in ornamental fisheries, while large individuals are caught in consumptive fisheries for their meat or liver oil. Potamotrygonid life history is poorly known, which complicates fisheries management and conservation. Here, we compiled life history traits of potamotrygonids and predict unknown traits from their relationship with body size, to compute the maximum population growth rate (rmax), a widely-used metric of sensitivity to overfishing. Potamotrygonid rmax was compared with that of marine chondrichthyans and South American crocodylians. Marine chondrichthyans include the closest relatives of potamotrygonids, and South American crocodylians are a group with known overexploitation history sharing the habitat and general life history strategy with potamotrygonids. Simulations for species with known traits indicated that predictions were close to real values and unbiased. Potamotrygonid rmax varied from 0.14 to 0.39, well within the range of marine chondrichthyans (0.03–1.37) and lower than crocodylians (0.23–0.52). Generation time ranged from 6.7 to 19.5 years. These figures indicate that sustainable exploitation of potamotrygonids is possible. However, tight regulations (e.g. size and catch limits) and science-based management are necessary, especially for species with small geographic range, low population size, or low rmax (< 0.2). Empirical studies on potamotrygonid life history and ecology are urgently needed to aid management. Potential scenarios for sustainable exploitation of potamotrygonids are discussed, including ornamental and consumptive fisheries, and sighting-based tourism.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

Code availability

All analyses were conducted using standard functions available of the software packages employed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ellen Barrowclift-Mahon, Nick Dulvy, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that greatly improved this paper. We have chosen to publish in a non-open access journal because, as researchers from a developing country, we cannot afford to derive a significant part of our limited research funds to pay for publication fees.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, S3001XAI Ciudad de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Luis O. Lucifora & Pablo A. Scarabotti

  2. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, S3001XAI Ciudad de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Pablo A. Scarabotti

  3. Biología de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602YAL Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Santiago A. Barbini

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  1. Luis O. Lucifora
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  2. Pablo A. Scarabotti
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  3. Santiago A. Barbini
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Correspondence to Luis O. Lucifora.

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Lucifora, L.O., Scarabotti, P.A. & Barbini, S.A. Predicting and contextualizing sensitivity to overfishing in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 32, 669–686 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09696-2

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