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Obesity and overweight decreases the effect of vitamin D supplementation in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Abstract

Overweight and obesity are associated with vitamin D deficiency (VitD), which are both important health problems. Reduced serum vitamin D levels has been registered in all phases of life and is commonly associated with the genesis of overweight and obesity. Thus, the objective of this review with meta-analysis was to investigate and evidence the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D. Interventional studies were searched for in 5 databases, without restriction of publication date or language. The absolute mean difference was used as a summary measure of the selected studies. A total of 2370 studies were identified, of which 18 descriptive articles were eligible - based on criteria and variables of selection and exclusion. Then the data were synthesized and submitted to meta-analysis. The results evidence that after supplementation individuals with obesity presented increased serum vitamin D 39.83 nmol/L (95% CI: 34.06–45.61) in relation to the control/placebo group. However, the obese state decreased serum vitamin D concentration by -38.17 nmol/L (95% CI: -59.90/-16.44) compared to the normal weight group. In addition, increasing the dose of VitD supplementation does not appear to contribute significantly to increased serum VitD levels. The study observed that obesity in adults reduced the effect of vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, research should be developed on the optimal dose of vitamin D supplementation for people with obesity.

Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO number CRD42018091.

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Abbreviations

BMI:

Body Mass Index

VITD:

vitamin D

PRISMA:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Analyses

nmol/l:

nanomole/l

ng/ml:

nanogram/ml

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil

    Lara Fonseca de Oliveira, Lucas Guimarães de Azevedo & Luanna Pimenta Carlos de Sales

  2. School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

    Jerusa da Mota Santana

  3. Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Universitário do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-040, Brazil

    Marcos Pereira-Santos

Authors
  1. Lara Fonseca de Oliveira
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  2. Lucas Guimarães de Azevedo
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  3. Jerusa da Mota Santana
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  4. Luanna Pimenta Carlos de Sales
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  5. Marcos Pereira-Santos
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Contributions

LFO conducted the research and wrote the paper. All authors contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. LGA, JMS, LPCS select the studies and carried out data extraction, M P-S designed the research, conducted the research, performed statistical analysis and wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcos Pereira-Santos.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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de Oliveira, L.F., de Azevedo, L.G., da Mota Santana, J. et al. Obesity and overweight decreases the effect of vitamin D supplementation in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21, 67–76 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019-09527-7

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