Based on a retrospective analysis of the domestic and foreign works dealing with a variety of gyrotron applications and performed in the past decades, we show the main trends in the development of gyrotrons of different frequency ranges and different levels of output power. The main areas of application of modern gyrotrons and the specific requirements of each field are described. An overview of recent achievements, as well as major problems that hinder the further progess in gyroscopic devices toward higher frequencies and capacities is given. The methods of solution of these problems by the world’s leading research organizations and manufacturing companies are considered.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. V. Gaponov, A. L. Gol’denberg, M. I. Petelin, and V. K. Yulpatov, “A device for generating electromagnetic oscillations in the centimeter, millimeter, and submillimeter wavelength ranges” [in Russian], Author’s certificate No. 223931 (USSR), submitted in March 24, 1967, published in March 25, 1976.
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov and M. I. Petelin, Science and the Mankind, [in Russian], Znanie, Moscow (1980), p. 283.
D. I. Trubetskov and A. E. Khramov, Lectures in Microwave Electronics for Physicists [in Russian], Fizmatlit, Moscow (2003).
C. J. Edgcombe, ed., Gyrotron Oscillators — Their Principles and Practice, Taylor & Francis, London (1993).
G. S. Nusinovich, Introduction to the Physics of Gyrotrons, The Johns Hopkins University Press, London (2004).
Sh. E. Tsimring, Electron Beams and Microwave Vacuum Electronics, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken (2007).
M. V. Kartikeyan, E. Borie, and M. K. A. Tumm, Gyrotrons — High Power Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, Springer, Berlin (2004).
A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov, and V. L. Granatstein, Applications of High-Power Microwaves, Artech House, Norwood (1994).
M. Thumm, State-of-the-Art of High Power Gyro-Devices and Free Electron Masers, KIT, Karlsruhe (2009).
M. Thumm, Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 26, 483 (2005).
A. Sh. Fix, V. A. Flyagin, A. L. Gol’denberg, et al., Int. J. Electron., 57, No. 6, 821 (1984).
V. E. Zapevalov, V. A. Flyagin, G. G. Denisov, et al., Plasma Devices and Operation, 6, 111 (1998).
V. E. Zapevalov, G. G. Denisov, V. A. Flyagin, et al., Plasma Engineering and Design, 53, 377 (2001).
G. G. Denisov, V. E. Zapevalov, A. G. Litvak, and V. E. Myasnikov, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 46, No. 10, 757 (2003).
G. G. Denisov, A. G. Litvak, V. E. Myasnikov, et al., Nuclear Fusion, 48, No. 5, 5 (2008).
A. G. Litvak, G. G. Denisov, V. E. Zapevalov, et al., in: Proc. 8th Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves and Terahertz waves: Sources and Applications,” Nizhny Novgorod (2011), p. 13.
K. Sakamoto, K. Kajiwara, Y. Oda, et al., in: Proc. 8th Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves and Terahertz waves: Sources and Applications,” Nizhny Novgorod (2011), p. 35.
M. Blank, P. Borchard, P. Cahalan, et al., in: Proc. 8th Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves and Terahertz waves: Sources and Applications,” Nizhny Novgorod (2011), p. 9.
M. Thumm, H. Braune, G. Dammertz, et al., in: Proc. 8th Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves and Terahertz waves: Sources and Applications,” Nizhny Novgorod (2011), p. 45.
M. Henderson, G. Denisov, A. Litvak, et al., in: Proc. 8th Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves and Terahertz waves: Sources and Applications,” Nizhny Novgorod (2011), p. 21.
V. E. Zapevalov, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 49, No. 10, 864 (2006).
L. N. Agapov, S. D. Bogdanov, S. N. Vlasov, et al., The Gyrotrons [in Russian], Inst. Appl. Phys., Soviet Acad. Sci., Gorky (1980), p. 221.
O. V. Malygin, VB. Orlov, L. Sh. Rubinshtein, and V. I. Shchupak, Inst. Appl. Phys., Soviet Acad. Sci., Gorky (1980), p. 226.
Yu. Bykov, A. Eremeev, V. Flyagin, et al., Ceramic Transaction. 59, 133 (1995).
A. N. Kuftin, V. A. Flyagin, V. K. Lygin, et al., in: Proc. Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves in Plasmas,” Nizhny Novgorod (2000), p. 671.
E. A. Soluyanova, Yu. V. Bykov, G. G. Denisov, et al., in: Proc. 8th Int. Workshop “Strong Microwaves and Terahertz Waves: Sources and Applications,” Nizhny Novgorod (2011), p. 133.
T. Kikunaga, H. Asano, Yasojima, et al., Int. J. Electronics, 79, 655 (1995).
Yu. Bykov, G. Denisov, A. Eremeev, et al., in: Proc. 29th Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 12th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, University of Karlsruhe, Germany (2004), p.M12.3-191.
V. E. Zapevalov, V. K. Lygin, O. V. Malygin, et al., Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 50, No. 6, 420 (2007).
V. Bajaj, C. Farrar, M. Hornstein, et al., J. Magnetic Res., 160, 85 (2002).
T. Idehara, I. Ogawa, La Agusu, et al., Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 28, 433 (2007).
N. P. Venediktov, V. V. Dubrov, V. E. Zapevalov, et al., Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 53, No. 4, 237 (2010).
V. Denysenkov, M. J. Prandolini, M. Gafurov, et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 12, No. 22, 5786 (2010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 54, No. 8–9, pp. 559–572, August–September 2011.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zapevalov, V.E. Evolution of the gyrotrons. Radiophys Quantum El 54, 507–518 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-012-9326-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-012-9326-8