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Improving health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors among coronary artery bypass graft patients: a non-randomized controlled trial study

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the impact of a healthy lifestyle empowerment program on health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors in coronary artery bypass graft patients.

Methods

This non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2019 on 97 coronary artery bypass graft patients in Iran. Participants were selected by culturally pragmatic and non-randomized method and assigned to healthy lifestyle empowerment program group (HLEPG) (n = 49) and conventional education group (CEG) (n = 48). Data were collected by the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP2), which were administered at baseline and three-month follow-up. The healthy lifestyle empowerment program and conventional education as two interventions were performed for HLEPG and CEG, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test, independent t-test, analysis of covariance and linear mixed method at the 0.05 significance level.

Results

In the follow-up, both groups showed a significant increase in the mean score of health-related quality of life (p ≤ 0.001) but this increase was visibly greater in the HLEPG (from 23.47 ± 7.48 to 35.60 ± 5.95) than in the CEG (from 22.93 ± 5.93 to 27.6 ± 4.90). The healthy lifestyle empowerment program also significantly increased the mean score of adherence to health-promoting behaviors in the HLEPG (p ≤ 0.001), whereas no such change was observed in the CEG. The results of the linear mixed model showed that the follow-up scores health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors of the HLEPG were 27.26 and 7.56 units significantly greater than the CEG after HLEP, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Considering the results of this study, health care providers are recommended to devise and implement healthy lifestyle empowerment programs to improve the health-related quality of life of coronary artery bypass surgery patients.

Clinical trial registration

Registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20171213037860N1).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank faculty members at the School of Nursing and Midwifery of SBMU as well as all managers, nurses, and patients at Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Hospital for their cooperation. We also wish to thank Dr. Alireza Ghavidel, at Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Hospital, for reviewing the educational content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali Asr Ave., Niayesh Cross Road, Tehran, Iran

    Shabnam Zafari Nobari, Parvaneh Vasli & Meimanat Hosseini

  2. Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Malihe Nasiri

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  1. Shabnam Zafari Nobari
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  2. Parvaneh Vasli
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  3. Meimanat Hosseini
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Correspondence to Parvaneh Vasli.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of SBMU (code of IR.SBMU.PHNM.1396.1008), and performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable standards.

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All participants were informed and gave their consent before participating in the study. The illiterate participants’ consent was obtained from their legally authorized representatives.

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Zafari Nobari, S., Vasli, P., Hosseini, M. et al. Improving health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors among coronary artery bypass graft patients: a non-randomized controlled trial study. Qual Life Res 30, 769–780 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02675-3

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