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Socioeconomic status, social support, oral health beliefs, psychosocial factors, health behaviours and health-related quality of life in adolescents

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Abstract

Purpose

This study assessed the relationships between socioecononic status (SES), social support, oral health beliefs, psychosocial factors, health-related behaviours and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents.

Methods

A school-based follow-up study involving 376 12-year-old adolescents was conducted in Manaus, Brazil. Baseline data included sociodemographic characteristics (sex, parental schooling, family income, household overcrowding and number of goods), social support (SSA questionnaire), oral health beliefs and psychosocial factors (Sense of Coherence [SOC-13 scale] and self-esteem [Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale]). Health-related behaviours (toothbrushing frequency, sedentary behaviour, smoking and sugar consumption) and HRQoL [KINDL questionnaire] were assessed at 6-month follow-up. Structural Equation Modelling assessed the relationships between variables.

Results

Greater social support (β = 0.30), higher SOC (β = 0.23), higher self-esteem (β = 0.23), higher toothbrushing frequency (β = 0.14) and less smoking (β = − 0.14) were directly linked with better HRQoL. SES (β = 0.05), social support (β = 0.26), oral health beliefs (β = − 0.02) were indirectly linked to HRQoL. Higher SES directly predicted higher toothbrushing frequency (β = 0.14) and less smoking (β = − 0.22). Greater social support also directly predicted higher SOC (β = 0.55), positive oral health beliefs (β = − 0.31) and higher self-esteem (β = 0.58). Greater social support indirectly predicted less smoking via oral health beliefs (β = − 0.05) and less sugar consumption via SOC (β = − 0.07).

Conclusion

Socioeconomic status, social support, oral health beliefs and psychosocial factors were important predictors of adolescent’s health behaviours and HRQoL over 6-month period through direct and indirect mechanisms. Health behaviours also directly influenced HRQoL.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Ministry of Education, Brazil for the financial support to the Postgraduate Programme in Dentistry at the Federal University of Amazonas.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq, Brazil, research Grant No. 423309/2016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Amazonas, Avenida Ministro Waldemar Pedrosa, 1539, Bairro Praça 14, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69.025-005, Brazil

    Andressa Coelho Gomes, Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo, Adriana Correa de Queiroz, Ana Paula Correa de Queiroz Herkrath, Janete Maria Rebelo Vieira & Juliana Vianna Pereira

  2. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

    Fernando José Herkrath

  3. Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 5SX, UK

    Mario Vianna Vettore

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  1. Andressa Coelho Gomes
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  2. Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo
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  3. Adriana Correa de Queiroz
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Correspondence to Mario Vianna Vettore.

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All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Amazonas under Protocol No. 57273316.1.0000.5020. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Gomes, A.C., Rebelo, M.A.B., de Queiroz, A.C. et al. Socioeconomic status, social support, oral health beliefs, psychosocial factors, health behaviours and health-related quality of life in adolescents. Qual Life Res 29, 141–151 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02279-6

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