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An EQ-5D-5L value set based on Uruguayan population preferences

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An Erratum to this article was published on 06 October 2015

Abstract

Purpose

To derive a value set from Uruguayan general population using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire and report population norms.

Methods

General population individuals were randomly assigned to value 10 health states using composite time trade off and 7 pairs of health states through discrete choice experiments. A stratified sampling with quotas by location, gender, age and socio-economic status was used to respect the Uruguayan population structure. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews. The EuroQol valuation technology was used to administer the protocol as well as to collect the data. OLS and maximum likelihood robust regression models with or without interactions were tested.

Results

We included 794 respondents between 20 and 83 years. Their characteristics were broadly similar to the Uruguayan population. The main effects robust model was chosen to derive social values. Values ranged from −0.264 to 1. States with a misery index = 6 had a mean predicted value of 0.965. When comparing the Uruguayan population with the Argentinian EQ-5D-5L crosswalk value set, the prediction for states which differed from full health only in having one of the dimensions at level 2 were about 0.05 higher in Uruguay. The mean index value, using the selected Uruguayan EQ-5D-5L value set, for the general population in Uruguay was 0.895. In general, older people had worse values and males had slightly better values than females.

Conclusion

We derived the EQ-5D-5L Uruguayan value set, the first in Latin America. These results will help inform decision-making using economic evaluations for resource allocation decisions.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Arnd Jan Prause for the support and Elka Pérez and Gastón Díaz from “Equipos Mori” for their great work and commitment.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Federico Augustovski, Lucila Rey-Ares, Vilma Irazola, Osvaldo Ulises Garay & Luz Gibbons

  2. Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Federico Augustovski

  3. Fondo Nacional de Recursos, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Oscar Gianneo, Graciela Fernández & Marcelo Morales

  4. The EuroQol Research Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi

  5. Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), C/Calvario, 271, 1ª IZQ, 38350, Tacoronte, Tenerife, Spain

    Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi

Authors
  1. Federico Augustovski
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  2. Lucila Rey-Ares
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  9. Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

This Project was funded by Uruguay’s National Resources Fund (Fondo Nacional de Recursos) (ID No 19/12) and the EuroQol Research Foundation (ID: EQ 2013070).

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 77 kb)

Technical Appendix

Technical Appendix

In this manuscript, the value set for Uruguay has been presented (see Table 3). This appendix describes how to obtain the utility value for a specific health state. Notice that the model coefficients should be interpreted as the disutility of moving from having no problems in that particular domain (level 1) to the specific level of response of each domain.

Given the profile of a specific health state, LMOLSCLUALPDLAD, and given the final model and coefficients to derive them, the formula to obtain the utility value for each health state is as follow:

U(LMOLSCLUALPDLAD) = 1 − MO(LMO) − SC(LSC) − UA(LUA) − PD(LPD) − AD(LAD)—Deviation from full health.

Where U(LMOLSCLUALPDLAD) denotes the utility for the state LMOLSCLUALPDLAD, LMO denotes the response level on mobility domain, MO(LMO) denotes the coefficient of the level LMO on mobility domain (and the same for rest of domains), and Deviation from full health is the model constant. When the level of a given domain is no problems (1), the coefficient of that domain is 0. As there is no movement from no problems, no disutility is associated.

Example 1

U(25413) = 1 − MO2 – SC5 − UA4 − PD1 (=0) − AD3-Deviation from full health = 1 − 0.0140 − 0.2734 − 0.1183 − 0 − 0.0435 − 0.0126 = 0.5382

Example 2

U(31412) = 1 − MO3 − SC1 (=0) − UA4 − PD1 (=0) − AD2-Deviation from full health = 1 − 0.0322 − 0 − 0.1183 − 0 − 0.0095 − 0.0126 = 0.8274

Example 3

U(11111) = 1 − MO1 (=0) − 0 (SC1) − UA1 (=0) − PD1 (=0) − AD1 (=0) = 1 (Notice that 11111 represents full health, so the deviation from full health is not applicable here).

Stata code

  • //This code calculates the utility values for a given data set

  • //The variable representing mobility domain has to be named MO, SC for self-care, UA for usual activities, PD for pain/discomfort and AD for anxiety/depression

  • gen Utility = 1.

  • recast double Utility

//MO

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0140 if MO == 2

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0322 if MO == 3

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.1077 if MO == 4

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.2987 if MO == 5

//SC

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0256 if SC == 2

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0609 if SC == 3

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.1169 if SC == 4

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.2734 if SC == 5

//UA

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0424 if UA == 2

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0455 if UA == 3

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.1183 if UA == 4

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.2315 if UA == 5

//PD

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0171 if PD == 2

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0607 if PD == 3

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.1870 if PD == 4

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.2705 if PD == 5

//AD

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0095 if AD == 2

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0435 if AD == 3

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.1043 if AD == 4

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.1771 if AD == 5

//Deviation from full health

  • replace Utility = Utility − 0.0126 if (MO ! = 1 | SC ! = 1 | UA ! = 1 | PD ! = 1 | AD ! = 1)

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Augustovski, F., Rey-Ares, L., Irazola, V. et al. An EQ-5D-5L value set based on Uruguayan population preferences. Qual Life Res 25, 323–333 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-1086-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-1086-4

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