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Determinants of quality of life in Spanish transsexuals attending a gender unit before genital sex reassignment surgery

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the self-reported perceived quality of life (QoL) in transsexuals attending a Spanish gender identity unit before genital sex reassignment surgery, and to identify possible determinants that likely contribute to their QoL.

Methods

A sample of 119 male-to-female (MF) and 74 female-to-male (FM) transsexuals were included in the study. The WHOQOL-BREF scale was used to evaluate self-reported QoL. Possible determinants included age, sex, education, employment, partnership status, undergoing cross-sex hormonal therapy, receiving at least one non-genital sex reassignment surgery, and family support (assessed with the family APGAR questionnaire).

Results

Mean scores of all QoL domains ranged from 55.44 to 63.51. Linear regression analyses revealed that undergoing cross-sex hormonal treatment, having family support, and having an occupation were associated with a better QoL for all transsexuals. FM transsexuals have higher social domain QoL scores than MF transsexuals. The model accounts for 20.6 % of the variance in the physical, 32.5 % in the psychological, 21.9 % in the social, and 20.1 % in the environment domains, and 22.9 % in the global QoL factor.

Conclusions

Cross-sex hormonal treatment, family support, and working or studying are linked to a better self-reported QoL in transsexuals. Healthcare providers should consider these factors when planning interventions to promote the health-related QoL of transsexuals.

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Abbreviations

MFs:

Male-to-female transsexuals

FMs:

Female-to-male transsexuals

QoL:

Quality of life

WHOQOL:

World Health Organization quality of life scale

APGARq:

Family APGAR Questionnaire

SR:

Sex reassignment

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Igualdad (MI), Instituto de la Mujer, grant IMG2009-PI040964, Ministerio de Economía e Innovación, grant PSI2011-24496, and Junta de Andalucía (JA) grant PI-0254/2007. Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza holds a fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, AP2008-00935.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute Clínic of Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

    Esther Gómez-Gil

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain

    Isabel Esteva de Antonio

  4. Department of Psychobiology, Psychology Faculty, UNED, Madrid, Spain

    Antonio Guillamon

  5. Institute Clinic of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

    Manel Salamero

Authors
  1. Esther Gómez-Gil
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  2. Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
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  3. Isabel Esteva de Antonio
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  4. Antonio Guillamon
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  5. Manel Salamero
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Correspondence to Esther Gómez-Gil.

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Gómez-Gil, E., Zubiaurre-Elorza, L., Esteva de Antonio, I. et al. Determinants of quality of life in Spanish transsexuals attending a gender unit before genital sex reassignment surgery. Qual Life Res 23, 669–676 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-013-0497-3

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