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Comparing SF-36 scores across three groups of women with different health profiles

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Abstract

Background: The widespread use of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) facilitates the comparison of health-related quality of life (HRQL) across independent studies. Objectives: To compare the scores of eight scales and two summary scales of the SF-36 across participants in the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) trial, the Women’s Health Initiative-Dietary Modification trial (WHI-DM), and the MOS, and to illustrate the use of effect sizes for interpreting the importance of group differences. Methods: WHEL and WHI-DM are both multi-center dietary interventions; only data from the UC Davis sites were used in our study. WHEL participants had a recent history of breast cancer, WHI-DM participants were healthy, postmenopausal women, and women in the MOS had a history of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or depression. General linear models were used to identify statistically significant differences in scale scores. Meaningful differences were determined by effect sizes computed using a common within-group standard deviation (SD) and SDs from normative data. Results: After adjusting for age and marital status, SF-36 scores for the WHI-DM and WHEL samples were similar and both had statistically significantly higher scores than the MOS sample. Relative to the WHEL or WHI-DM studies, MOS scores for scales related to the physical domain were clearly meaningfully lower whereas scale scores related to the mental health domain were potentially meaningfully lower. Conclusions: The HRQL of breast cancer survivors is comparable to that of healthy women and better than that of women with chronic health conditions, particularly with respect to physical health. This study illustrated the use of ranges of effects sizes for aiding the interpretation of SF-36 scores differences across independent studies.

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Abbreviations

ANCOVA:

analysis of covariance

HRQL:

health-related quality of life

MANCOVA:

multivariate analysis of covariance

MCS:

mental component summary scale

MOS:

Medical Outcomes Study

PCS:

physical component summary scale

SF-36:

36-item short-form health survey

SD:

standard deviation

WHEL:

Women’s Healthy Eating and Living trial

WHI-DM:

Women’s Health Initiative-Dietary Modification trial

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center on Outcomes, Research and Education (CORE), Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Suite 100, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA

    Kathleen J. Yost

  2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, USA

    Mary N. Haan

  3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, USA

    Richard A. Levine

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of California at Davis, USA

    Ellen B. Gold

Authors
  1. Kathleen J. Yost
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  2. Mary N. Haan
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  3. Richard A. Levine
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  4. Ellen B. Gold
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Correspondence to Kathleen J. Yost.

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Yost, K.J., Haan, M.N., Levine, R.A. et al. Comparing SF-36 scores across three groups of women with different health profiles. Qual Life Res 14, 1251–1261 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-004-6673-8

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