Abstract
There is a growing body of research that focuses on the supposedly close association between an individual’s moral–emotional behavior and his/her political ideology. A prominent example is Haidt’s “moral psychology,” which claims that political liberals and conservatives draw on mutually different sets of moral foundations. However, this and other arguments, which have mostly been advanced in the social context of the United States, lack a comparative perspective. In this study, we examine these arguments in broader spatio-temporal settings by way of a comparative analysis of public deliberations in the U.S. and Japanese legislatures. More specifically, with the help of well-established moral- and emotional-word dictionaries, and employing advanced computational techniques for systematic data collection, we analyze a large volume of speech data that records floor debates over decades in the U.S. Congress and the Japanese Diet to derive longitudinal moral–emotional dynamics. We then use multilevel modeling to regress the derived moral–emotional patterns of legislative deliberations in each country on various covariates to locate possible drivers of these patterns. The results of these analyses reveal more qualified relationships between a moral–emotional framework and political ideology than preceding arguments have suggested, casting serious doubt on the widespread tendency in the literature to quickly rely on an ideological explanation. The findings suggest the need for a more comprehensive approach to handling moral–emotional phenomena in political science.
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Notes
The party changed its name to the Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ) in 1992.
The speech records attributed to persons other than congresspersons were discarded.
Units of speech are mostly defined by a change of speakers.
We also used another model to check robustness. Specifically, we ran a multilevel model in which each speech is at level 1 and each speaker is at level 2. This model is different from the non-nested model in that the year variable is put as a level 1 covariate. The results did not differ much from the results of the non-nested model.
All the differences referenced are statistically significant at the 0.001 level unless otherwise indicated.
The full results of the regression analysis are shown in the Supplementary Information (S.I.).
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Acknowledgements
We thank participants in the 3rd International Conference on Computational Social Science in Cologne, Germany for their valuable comments. We also acknowledge financial support from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (JSPS KAKENHI; Grant Numbers: 16K04027, 16K13347 and 18H03621).
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Takikawa, H., Sakamoto, T. The moral–emotional foundations of political discourse: a comparative analysis of the speech records of the U.S. and the Japanese legislatures. Qual Quant 54, 547–566 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00912-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00912-7