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Protease Inhibitors from Plants as Therapeutic Agents- A Review

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Abstract

Plant-based diets are a great source of protease inhibitors (PIs). Two of the most well-known families of PIs are Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) and Kunitz-type inhibitors (KTI). The first group acts mainly on trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase; the second is on serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases. PIs can retard or inhibit the catalytic action of enzymes; therefore, they are considered non-nutritional compounds; nevertheless, animal studies and cell line experiments showed promising results of PIs in treating human illnesses such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, and different types of cancer (gastric, colorectal, breast, and lung cancer). Anticarcinogenic activity's proposed mechanisms of action comprise several inhibitory effects at different molecular levels, i.e., transcription, post-transcription, translation, post-translation, and secretion of cancer cells. This work reviews the potential therapeutic applications of PIs as anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory agents in human diseases and the mechanisms by which they exert these effects.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Instituto Politécnico Nacional for the financial support through grant SIP project 20210017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. ​Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa s/n, México City, C.P. 07738, México

    M. S. Cid-Gallegos & C. Jiménez-Martínez

  2. Departamento de Bioprocesos, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Acueducto S/N, Barrio La Laguna, Col. Ticomán, México City, C.P. 07340, México

    L. J. Corzo-Ríos

  3. CONACYT, Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur-Villahermosa, Tabasco, México

    X. M. Sánchez-Chino

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  1. M. S. Cid-Gallegos
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  2. L. J. Corzo-Ríos
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  3. C. Jiménez-Martínez
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  4. X. M. Sánchez-Chino
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Correspondence to X. M. Sánchez-Chino.

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Cid-Gallegos, M.S., Corzo-Ríos, L.J., Jiménez-Martínez, C. et al. Protease Inhibitors from Plants as Therapeutic Agents- A Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 77, 20–29 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-00949-4

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