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Enhancement of Bioactivity of Natural Extracts by Non-Thermal High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction

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Abstract

Natural extracts, like those obtained from medicinal herbs, dietary plants and fruits are being recognized as important sources of bioactive compounds with several functionalities including antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Plant extracts rich in phenolic antioxidants are currently being successfully used for several pharmaceutical applications and in the development of new foods (i.e., functional foods), in order to enhance the bioactivity of the products and to replace synthetic antioxidants. The extraction method applied in the recovery of the bioactive compounds from natural materials is a key factor to enhance the bioactivity of the extracts. However, most of the extraction techniques have to employ heat, which can easily lead to heat-sensitive compounds losing their biological activity, due to changes caused by temperature. Presently, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is being increasingly explored as a cold extraction method of bioactive compounds from natural sources. This non-thermal high hydrostatic pressure extraction (HHPE) technique allows one to reduce the extraction time and increase the extraction of natural beneficial ingredients, in terms of nutritional value and biological activities and thus enhance the bioactivity of the extracts. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on the extraction efficiency of HHPE for the production of natural extracts with enhanced bioactivity, based on the extraction yield, total content and individual composition of bioactive compounds, extraction selectivity, and biological activities of the different plant extracts, so far studied by extraction with this technique.

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Abbreviations

HPP:

High pressure processing

HHP:

High hydrostatic pressure

HHPE:

High hydrostatic pressure extraction

CE:

Conventional extraction

HRE:

Heat reflux extraction

LRT:

Leaching at room temperature

UE:

Ultrasonication extraction

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal for the PhD grants attributed to H. Scepankova (SFRH/BD/88133/2012) and M. Martins (SFRH/BD/122220/2016) and to FCT/MEC for the financial support to the QOPNA research Unit (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2013), through national funds and where applicable co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Hana Scepankova, Ivonne Delgadillo & Jorge A. Saraiva

  2. CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Margarida Martins

  3. Agricultural College of Bragança, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5301-855, Bragança, Portugal

    Letícia Estevinho

  4. Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Letícia Estevinho

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  1. Hana Scepankova
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  2. Margarida Martins
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Correspondence to Jorge A. Saraiva.

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Scepankova, H., Martins, M., Estevinho, L. et al. Enhancement of Bioactivity of Natural Extracts by Non-Thermal High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 73, 253–267 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0687-9

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