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Influence of Growth Stage and Season on the Antioxidant Constituents of Cosmos caudatus

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Abstract

The impact of tropical seasons (dry and wet) and growth stages (8, 10 and 12 weeks) of Cosmos caudatus on the antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the level of bioactive compounds were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plant morphology (plant height) also showed variation between the two seasons. Samples planted from June to August (during the dry season) exhibited a remarkably higher bioactivity and height than those planted from October to December (during the wet season). The samples that were harvested at eight weeks of age during the dry season showed the highest bioactivity with values of 26.04 g GAE/100 g and 22.1 μg/ml for TPC and IC50, respectively. Identification of phytochemical constituents in the C. caudatus extract was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray tandem mass (LC-DAD-ESIMS/MS) technique and the confirmation of constituents was achieved by comparison with literature data and/or co-chromatography with authentic standards. Six compounds were indentified including quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, rutin, quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside and chlorogenic acid. Their concentrations showed significant variance among the 8, 10 and 12-week-old herbs during both seasons.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Antioxidant activity

TPC:

Total phenolic content

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

LC-DAD-ESIMS/MS:

Liquid chromatography coupled diode array detection and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

Na2CO3 :

Sodium carbonate

DPPH:

Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl

IC50 :

Half maximal inhibitory concentration

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

DW:

Dry weight

DAD:

Diode array detector

CID:

Collision-induced dissociation

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Universiti Putra Malaysia and Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) for the grant provided (grant no: 5450255). The authors (NHL) wishes to thank the Scientific Chairs Unit, Taibah University for its contribution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ahmed Mediani, Faridah Abas & Alfi Khatib

  2. Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Tan Chin Ping

  3. Scientific Chairs Unit, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30001, Madinah al-Munawarah, 41311, Saudi Arabia

    Nordin H. Lajis

Authors
  1. Ahmed Mediani
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  2. Faridah Abas
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  3. Tan Chin Ping
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  4. Alfi Khatib
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  5. Nordin H. Lajis
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Faridah Abas.

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Table 3

Changes in metabolites concentration among growth ages and between seasons (DOC 32 kb)

Fig. 2

(a) Variation in the TPC of C. caudatus during the wet and dry seasons and from various growth ages (8, 10 and 12 weeks). (b) Variation in the radical scavenging activity of C. caudatus samples during the wet and dry seasons and from various growth ages (8, 10 and 12 weeks). Values are the mean ± standard deviation of nine replicates. a,b,c,d Each letter above the columns indicates that the results showed statistically significant (p < 0.05; n = 9) differences. (DOC 963 kb)

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Mediani, A., Abas, F., Ping, T.C. et al. Influence of Growth Stage and Season on the Antioxidant Constituents of Cosmos caudatus . Plant Foods Hum Nutr 67, 344–350 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-012-0317-x

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