Abstract
In order to create large-scale polarization entangled W states, there have been several proposals and some experimental demonstrations. An outstanding proposal is a simple setup which probabilistically fuses two W states of arbitrary sizes \(n\ge 3\) and \(m\ge 3\), creating a W state of size \(n+m-2\) (Ozdemir et al., in: New J Phys 13:103003, 2011). Using this setup as building blocks, we propose a new setup which can fuse four W states simultaneously. The proposed setup can fuse W states of size 2, i.e. Bell states, as well. We study the resource cost of our fusion process for two main scenarios, i.e. starting from sizes 2 and 3. We present some cost efficient cases, as compared to the previous work.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhao, Z., et al.: Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation. Nature 430, 54 (2004)
Ekert, A.K.: Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991)
Greenberger, D.M., Horne, M., Shimony, A., Zeilinger, A.: Bell’s theorem without inequalities. Am. J. Phys. 58, 1131 (1990)
D’Hondt E, E., Panangaden, P.: The computational power of the W and GHZ states. Quantum Inf. Comput. 6, 173 (2006)
Dur, W., Vidal, G., Cirac, J.I.: Three qubits can be entangled in two inequivalent ways. Phys. Rev. A. 62, 062314 (2000)
Browne, D.E., Rudolph, T.: Resource-efficient linear optical quantum computation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 010501 (2005)
Zeilinger, A., Horne, M.A., Weinfurter, H., Zukowski, M.: Three-particle entanglements from two entangled pairs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3031 (1997)
Tashima, T., Wakatsuki, T., Ozdemir, S.K., Yamamoto, T., Koashi, M., Imoto N, N.: Local transformation of two Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen photon pairs into a three-photon W state. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 130502 (2009)
Tashima, T., Ozdemir, S.K., Yamamoto, T., Koashi, M., Imoto, N.: Elementary optical gate for expanding an entanglement web. Phys. Rev. A. 77, 030302 (2008)
Tashima, T., Ozdemir, S.K., Yamamoto, T., Koashi, M., Imoto, N.: Local expansion of photonic W state using a polarization-dependent beamsplitter. New J. Phys. A. 11, 023024 (2009)
Tashima, T., Kitano, T., Ozdemir, S.K., Yamamoto, T., Koashi, M., Imoto, N.: Demonstration of local expansion toward large-scale entangled webs. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 210503 (2010)
Li, Y., Kobayashi, T.: Four-photon W state using two-crystal geometry parametric down-conversion. Phys. Rev. A. 70, 014301 (2004)
Eibl, M., Kiesel, N., Bourennane, M., Kurtsiefer, C., Weinfurter, H.: Experimental realization of a three-qubit entangled W state. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 077901 (2004)
Mikami, H., Li, Y., Fukuoka, K., Kobayashi, T.: New high-efficiency source of a three-photon W state and its full characterization using quantum state tomography. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 150404 (2005)
Ozdemir, S.K., Matsunaga, E., Tashima, T., Yamamoto, T., Koashi, M., Imoto, N.: An optical fusion gate for W-states. New J. Phys. 13, 103003 (2011)
Bugu, S., Yesilyurt, C., Ozaydin, F.: Enhancing the W-state quantum-network-fusion process with a single Fredkin gate. Phys. Rev. A. 87, 032331 (2013)
Okamoto, R., Hofmann, H.F., Takeuchi, S., Sasaki, K.: Demonstration of an optical quantum controlled-NOT gate without path interference. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210506 (2005)
Kiesel, N., Schmid, C., Weber, U., Ursin, R., Weinfurter, H.: Linear optics controlled-phase gate made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 210505 (2005)
Plantenberg, J.H., de Groot, P.C., Harmans, C.J.P.M., Mooij, J.E.: Demonstration of controlled-NOT quantum gates on a pair of superconducting quantum bits. Nature 447, 836–839 (2007)
Cirac, J.I., Zoller, P.: Quantum computations with cold trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4091 (1995)
Schmidt-Kaler, F., et al.: Realization of the Cirac-Zoller controlled-NOT quantum gate. Nature 422, 408 (2003)
Tame, M.S., Ozdemir, S.K., Koashi, M., Imoto, N., Kim, M.S.: Compact Toffoli gate using weighted graph states. Phys. Rev. A. 79, 020302(R) (2009)
Fiurasek, J.: Linear-optics quantum Toffoli and Fredkin gates. Phys. Rev. A. 73, 062313 (2006)
Fedorov, A., Steffen, L., Baur, M., da Silva, M.P., Wallraff, A.: Implementation of a Toffoli gate with superconducting circuits. Nature 481, 170 (2012)
Monz, T., Kim, K., Hansel, W., Riebe, M., Villar, A.S., Schindler, P., Chwalla, M., Hennrich, M., Blatt, R.: Realization of the quantum Toffoli gate with trapped ions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 040501 (2009)
Munro, W.J., Nemoto, K., Spiller, T.P.: Weak nonlinearities: a new route to optical quantum computation. New J. Phys. 7, 137 (2005)
Xiao, Y.-F., Ozdemir, S.K., Gaddam, V., Dong, C.-H., Imoto, N., Ya, L.: Quantum nondemolition measurement of photon number via optical Kerr effect in an ultra-high-Q microtoroid cavity. Opt. Exp. 16, 21462 (2008)
Imoto, N., Haus, H.A., Yamamoto, Y.: Quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon number via the optical Kerr effect. Phys. Rev. A. 32, 2287 (1985)
Imoto, N., Watkins, S., Sasaki, Y.: A nonlinear optical-fiber interferometer for nondemolitional measurement of photon number. Opt. Commun. 61, 159163 (1987)
Braginsky, V.B., Khalili, F.Y.: Quantum nondemolition measurements: the route from toys to tools. Rev. Mod. Phys. 68, 1 (1996)
Nogues, G., Rauschenbeutel, A., Osnaghi, S., Brune, M., Raimond, J.M., Haroche, S.: Seeing a single photon without destroying it. Nature 400, 239 (1999)
Lin, Q., Li, J.: Quantum control gates with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Phys. Rev. A. 79, 022301 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yesilyurt, C., Bugu, S. & Ozaydin, F. An optical gate for simultaneous fusion of four photonic W or Bell states. Quantum Inf Process 12, 2965–2975 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-013-0578-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-013-0578-9