Skip to main content
Log in

Evidence on the importance of spatial voting models in presidential nominations and elections

  • Published:
Public Choice Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

ADA scores and Nominate scores are used for the first time to examine the influence of spatial voting records on which candidate wins the party’s presidential nomination and on which nominee wins the general election. We find that the most conservative Republican candidate and moderately liberal Democrats were most likely to win their party’s nomination. For general elections we find that the candidate’s spatial record has nearly as much impact on the outcome as economic growth, which has been the focus of most past empirical research. The nominee whose voting record is more moderate is more likely to be elected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramowitz, A. (1988). Explaining senate election outcomes. American Political Science Review, 82, 385–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J., & Merrill, S. (1999). Modeling party strategies and policy representation in multiparty elections: Why are strategies so extreme? American Journal of Political Science, 43, 765–791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J., & Merrill, S. (2000). Spatial models of candidate competition and the 1988 French presidential election: Are presidential candidates vote-maximizers? Journal of Politics, 62, 729–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J., & Merrill, S. (2003a). Voter turnout and candidate strategies in American elections. Journal of Politics, 65, 161–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J., & Merrill, S. (2003b). Candidates’ policy preferences and electoral outcomes: The three faces of policy representation. Unpublished manuscript.

  • Alvarez, R. M., & Nagler, J. (1995). Economics, issues, and the perot candidacy: Voter choices in the 1992 presidential election. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 714–744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, R. M., & Nagler, J. (1998). Economics, entitlements, and social issues: Voter choices in the 1996 presidential election. American Journal of Political Science, 42, 1349–1363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, R. M., Nagler, J., & Bowler, S. (2000). Issues, economics, and the dynamics of multiparty elections: The 1997 British general election. American Political Science Review, 94, 131–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, R. M., Nagler, J., & Willette, J. (2000). Measuring the relative impact of issues and the economy in democratic elections. Electoral Studies, 19, 237–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aranson, P. H., & Ordeshook, P. C. (1972). Spatial strategies for sequential elections. In R.G. Niemi, & H.F. Weisberg (Eds.), Probability models of collective decision making (pp. 298–331). Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, L. M., & Zaller, J. (2001). Presidential vote models: A recount. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, C. S., & Brady, D. W. (1983). Party, constituency, and roll-call voting in the U.S. Senate. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 13, 29–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. E. (2001). The referendum that didn’t happen: The forecasts of the 2000 presidential election. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 33–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1971). Internal processes governing party positions in elections. Public Choice, 11, 35–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. S. (1972). The positions of political parties in elections. In R.G. Niemi, & H.F. {Weisberg} (Eds.), Probability models of collective decision making (pp. 332–357). Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Congressional Quarterly (1997). Presidential Elections, 1789–1996. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly.

  • Cooper, A., & Munger, M. C. (2000). The (un)predictability of primaries with many candidates: Simulation evidence. Public Choice, 103, 337–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enelow, J. M., & Hinich, M. J. (1984). The spatial theory of voting: An introduction. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, R., & Romero, D. (1990). Candidate equilibrium and the behavioral model of the vote. American Political Science Review, 84, 1103–1126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenno, R. F. (1977). Home style. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Figlio, D. (2000). Political shirking, opponent quality, and electoral support. Public Choice, 103, 271–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiorina, M. (1974). Representatives, roll calls, and constituencies. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, W. L., & Kenny, L. W. (1996). Position shifting in pursuit of higher office. American Journal of Political Science, 40, 768–786.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, W. L., & Kenny, L. W. (2000). Up the political ladder: Career paths in U.S. politics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, W. L., Kenny, L. W., Morton, R. B., & Schmidt, A. B. (1994). Retrospective voting and political mobility. American Journal of Political Science, 38, 999–1024.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glazer, A., & Robbins, M. (1985). How elections matter: A study of U.S. senators. Public Choice, 46, 163–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goff, B. L., & Grier, K. B. (1993). On the (mis)measurement of legislator ideology and shirking. Public Choice, 76, 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grofman, B., Griffin, R., & Glazer, A. (1990). Identical geography, different party: A natural experiment on the magnitude of party differences in the U.S. senate 1960–84. In R. J. Johnston, F. M. Shelley, & P. J. Taylor (Eds.), Developments in electoral geography {(pp. 207–217).} London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groseclose, T., Levitt, S. D., & Snyder, J. M. (1999). Comparing interest group scores across time and chambers: Adjusted ADA scores for the U.S. Congress. American Political Science Review, 93, 33–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbs, D. A. (2000). Bread and peace voting in U.S. presidential elections. Public Choice, 104, 149–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook, T. M. (2001). Forecasting with mixed economic signals: A cautionary tale. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 39–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huntington, S. (1950). A revised theory of American party politics. American Political Science Review, 44, 669–677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, J. A., & Sala, B. R. (1998). The spatial theory of voting and the presidential election of 1824. American Journal of Political Science, 42, 1157–1179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannes, J. R., & McAdams, J. C. (1981). A congressional incumbency effect: Is it casework, policy compatibility, or something else? American Journal of Political Science, 25, {512–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung, G., Kenny, L. W., & Lott, J. R. (1994). An explanation for why senators from the same state vote differently so frequently. Journal of Public Economics, 54, 65–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keech, W. (1995). Economic politics: The costs of democracy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis-Beck, M. S., & Tien, C. (2001). Modeling the future: Lessons from the Gore forecast. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 21–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norpath, H. (2001). Primary colors: A mixed blessing for Al Gore. PS: Political Science and Politics, 34, 45–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, G., & Grofman, B. (2000). Two-stage electoral competition in two-party contests: Persistent divergence of party positions. Unpublished manuscript.

  • Peltzman, S. (1984). Constituent interest and congressional voting. Journal of Law and Economics, 27, 181–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peltzman, S. (1990). How efficient is the voting market. Journal of Law and Economics, 33, 27–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (1984). U.S. presidential elections 1968–80: A spatial analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 28, 282–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (1991). Patterns of congressional voting. American Journal of Political Science, 35, 228–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poole, K. T., & Rosenthal, H. (1997). Congress: A political-economic history of roll call voting. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

  • Schmidt, A. B., Kenny, L. W., & Morton, R. B. (1996). Evidence on electoral accountability in the U.S. Senate: Are unfaithful agents really punished? Economic Inquiry, 34, 545–567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, C. R., Brady, D. W., Brody, R. A., & Ferejohn, J. R. (1990). Linking constituency opinion and senate voting scores: A hybrid explanation. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 17, 599–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stata (2001). Stata Reference Manual, Release 7, Volume 2 H-P. College Station, Texas: Stata Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westlye, M. C. (1991). Senate elections and campaign intensity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitby, K. J., & Bledsoe, T. (1986). The impact of policy voting on the electoral fortunes of senate incumbents. Western Political Quarterly, 39, 690–700.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, G. (1989). Policy voting in the U.S. Senate: Who is represented? Legislative Studies Quarterly, 14, 465–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, M. B. (1993). Shirking and political support in the U.S. Senate, 1964–84. Public Choice, 76, 103–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaller, J. R. (1998). Monica Lewinsky’s contribution to political science. PS: Political Science & Politics, 31, 182–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zupan, M. A. (1992). Measuring the ideological preferences of U.S. presidents: A proposed (extremely simple) method. Public Choice, 73, 351–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lawrence W. Kenny.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kenny, L.W., Lotfinia, B. Evidence on the importance of spatial voting models in presidential nominations and elections. Public Choice 123, 439–462 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-7170-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-7170-5

Keywords

Navigation