Abstract
This article is an analysis of official UNESCO documents—General Conference resolutions and Executive Board decisions for the period 1946 to 1999—that address international education. It shows that international education has been key to UNESCO’s mission since the organization began, and illustrates various trends in its acceptance and implementation. It argues that, because such education is essential to academic and technical progress, it must be incorporated in all the activities and materials of any educational system. It also argues that implementing it as UNESCO has recommended can relieve many types of conflict.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babanski, Y. (1986). Responsabilidad y deberes del maestro [The teacher’s responsibility and duties]. In R. C. Das & N. K. Jangira (Eds.), Objetivos, programas y métodos educativos en el estudio de la escuela primaria: Didáctica sobre cuestiones universales de hoy (pp. 52–58). Barcelona: Teide.
Berman, S. (1997). Children’s social consciousness and the development of social responsibility. Albany: SUNY Press.
Crossley, M. (1999). Reconceptualising comparative and international education. Compare, 29(3), 249–267.
Gonzalo, C., & Villanueva, M. (1995). Geography and multicultural education: Using students’ own experiences of migration. In A. Osler, H.-F. Rathenow, & H. Starkey (Eds.), Teaching for citizenship in Europe (pp. 227–254). London: Trentham Books.
Hahn, C. (1999). Citizenship education: An empirical study of policy, practices and outcomes. Oxford Review of Education, 25(1–2), 231–250.
Harris, R. (1986). Introduction. In R. Das & N. K. Jangira (Eds.), Objetivos, programas y métodos educativos en el estudio de la escuela primaria: Didáctica sobre cuestiones universales de hoy (pp. 7–25). Barcelona: Teide.
Kersey, K. (1983). Sensitive parenting. Washington, DC: Acropolis Books.
Morin, E. (1999). Seven complex lessons in education for the future. Paris: UNESCO.
Murphy, M. (1998). Character education in America’s Blue Ribbon schools: Best practices for meeting the challenge. Lancaster, PA: Technomic.
Pearce, J. (1992). Magical child. New York: Plume Books.
Rathenow, H.-F., & Weber, N.-F. (1995). Education for peace, justice and human rights in the context of teacher training: Some methodological reflexions. In A. Osler, H.-F. Rathenow, & H. Starkey (Eds.), Teaching for citizenship in Europe (pp. 107–123). London: Trentham Books.
Rhoads, R. (1998). In service of citizenship: A study of student involvement in community service. The Journal of Higher Education, 69(3), 277–297.
Starkey, H. (1991). Challenge of human rights education. London: Cassell Council of Europe Series.
UNESCO (1947). General Conference, first session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001145/114580e.pdf.
UNESCO (1948). Resolutions adopted by the General Conference during its second session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001145/114591e.pdf.
UNESCO (1950). Records of the General Conference, fifth session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001145/114589e.pdf.
UNESCO (1959). Records of the General Conference, 10th session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO (1963). Records of the General Conference, 12th session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001145/114582e.pdf.
UNESCO (1973). Records of the General Conference, 17th session, Volume 1: Resolutions, Recommendations. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114044e.pdf.
UNESCO (1974). Recommendation concerning education for international understanding, co-operation and peace and education relating to human rights and fundamental freedom. Paris: UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/education/nfsunesco/pdf/Peace_e.pdf.
UNESCO (1988). The fourth conference of ministers of education of member states of the Europe region: Final report. Paris: UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/11_72.pdf.
UNESCO (1990). Records of the General Conference, 25th Session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000846/084696e.pdf.
UNESCO (1992). Records of the General Conference, 26th Session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0009/000904/090448e.pdf.
UNESCO (1993). Records of the General Conference, 27th session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0009/000956/095621e.pdf.
UNESCO (1995). Guidelines for curriculum and textbook development in international education. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO (1996). Records of the General Conference, 28th session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001018/101803e.pdf.
UNESCO (2000). Records of the General Conference, 30th Session, Volume 1: Resolutions. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001185/118514e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1947). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its second session. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO-EX (1950). Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the Executive Board at its 19th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001139/113911e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1952). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 30th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001138/113812e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1953). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 34th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001138/113808e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1961). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 60th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001131/113192e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1962). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 62nd session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001132/113223e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1963). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 66th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001132/113218e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1967) Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 77th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001132/113206e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1970). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 84th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001131/113199e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1972). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 90th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000022/002233e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1989). Decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 131st session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000833/083338e.pdf.
UNESCO-EX (1994). Resolutions and decisions adopted by the Executive Board at its 144th session. Paris: UNESCO. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0009/000968/096885e.pdf.
White, P. (1999). Political education in the early years: The place of civic virtues. Oxford Review of Education, 25(1–2), 59–70.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is one outcome of Research Project 108.019.6, funded by the UNESCO Secretariat.
About this article
Cite this article
Martínez de Morentin, J.I. Developing the concept of international education: Sixty years of UNESCO history. Prospects 41, 597–611 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-011-9210-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-011-9210-x