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Prevention Services for Externalizing and Anxiety Symptoms in Low-Income Children: the Role of Parent Preferences in Early Childhood

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Abstract

Dissemination of prevention programs targeting young children is impeded by challenges with parent engagement. Matching program characteristics to parent preferences is associated with increased retention in clinical/intervention settings, but little is known about the types of prevention programs that interest parents. The objectives of this study were to better understand parents’ preferences for services designed to prevent externalizing and anxiety disorders and to identify factors associated with preferences. Ethnically diverse, low-income caregivers (n = 485) of young children (11–60 months) completed surveys on child anxiety and externalizing symptoms, parental worry about their children, parent anxiety symptoms, and preferences for prevention group topics. Parents were more likely to prefer a group targeting externalizing behaviors compared to anxiety. Cluster analysis revealed four groups of children: low symptoms, moderate anxiety-low externalizing, moderate externalizing-low anxiety, and high anxiety and externalizing. Parents’ preferences varied according to co-occurrence of child anxiety and externalizing symptoms; interest in a program targeting externalizing problems was associated with elevated externalizing problems (regardless of anxiety symptom level), parent anxiety symptoms, and parent worry about their child. Only parent anxiety symptoms predicted parents’ interest in an anxiety-focused program, and preference for an anxiety-focused program was actually reduced if children had co-occurring anxiety and externalizing symptoms versus only anxiety symptoms. Results suggest that parents’ interest in a program to prevent externalizing problems was well-aligned with the presenting problem, whereas preferences for anxiety programming suggest a more complex interplay among factors. Parent preferences for targeted programming are discussed within a broader framework of parent engagement.

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Acknowledgments

In addition to participating parents, we would like to thank the staff and directors of WIC offices, Stephanie Moronta, Fiona Forde, and Alberto Leon. Partial funding came from the University of Massachusetts Boston Horizon Center, funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHHD; Award Number P20 MD002290-05). Funding was also provided by a grant from the American Psychological Foundation awarded to Nicholas Mian. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Nicholas D. Mian

  2. University of New Hampshire Manchester, 88 Commercial Street, Manchester, NH, USA

    Nicholas D. Mian

  3. Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA

    Leandra Godoy

  4. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA

    Abbey S. Eisenhower, Amy E. Heberle & Alice S. Carter

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  1. Nicholas D. Mian
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  2. Leandra Godoy
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Correspondence to Nicholas D. Mian.

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Mian, N.D., Godoy, L., Eisenhower, A.S. et al. Prevention Services for Externalizing and Anxiety Symptoms in Low-Income Children: the Role of Parent Preferences in Early Childhood. Prev Sci 17, 83–92 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0601-8

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