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NMR analysis of plant nitrogen metabolism

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Abstract

The analysis of primary and secondary nitrogen metabolism in plants by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is comprehensively reviewed. NMR is a versatile analytical tool, and the combined use of 1H, 2H, 13C, 14N and 15N NMR allows detailed investigation of the acquisition, assimilation and metabolism of nitrogen. The analysis of tissue extracts can be complemented by the in vivo NMR analysis of functioning tissues and cell suspensions, and by the application of solid state NMR techniques. Moreover stable isotope labelling with 2H-, 13C- and 15N-labelled precursors provides direct insight into specific pathways, with the option of both time-course and steady state analysis increasing the potential value of the approach. The scope of the NMR method, and its contribution to studies of plant nitrogen metabolism, are illustrated with a wide range of examples. These include studies of the GS/GOGAT pathway of ammonium assimilation, investigations of the metabolism of glutamate, glycine and other amino acids, and applications to tropane alkaloid metabolism. The continuing development of the NMR technique, together with potential applications in the emerging fields of metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis, leads to the conclusion that NMR will play an increasingly valuable role in the analysis of plant nitrogen metabolism.

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Abbreviations

GABA:

γ-aminobutyrate

GCMS:

gas chromatography mass spectrometry

GDC:

glycine decarboxylase

GDH:

glutamate dehydrogenase

GOGAT:

glutamate synthase

GS:

glutamine synthetase

HMBC:

heteronuclear multiple bond coherence

HMQC:

heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence

HSQC:

heteronuclear single quantum coherence

LC:

liquid chromatography

MS:

mass spectrometry

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

SHMT:

serine hydroxymethyltransferase

TOCSY:

total correlation spectroscopy

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  1. EA 2084, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Phytotechnologie, 1 rue des Louvels, F-80037, Amiens, Cedex 1, France

    F. Mesnard

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK

    R. G. Ratcliffe

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Mesnard, F., Ratcliffe, R.G. NMR analysis of plant nitrogen metabolism. Photosynth Res 83, 163–180 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-004-2081-8

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