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Peanut preinoculation with a root endophyte induces plant resistance to soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum via activation of salicylic acid-dependent signaling

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Abstract

Aims

The root endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris B3 effectively protected peanut against root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. We investigated (i) the effects of preinoculation (before F. oxysporum inoculation) and postinoculation (post F. oxysporum inoculation) with B3 on pathogenic infection and (ii) the potential mechanisms underlying the suppression of root rot by B3 colonization.

Methods

Peanut seedlings preinoculated, postinoculated or noninoculated with B3 and challenged or not challenged with F. oxysporum were cultivated in pots with sterilized vermiculite. The root rot severity, plant growth, defense-related enzyme activity and signaling compounds in plant tissues were investigated. Chemical manipulation experiments were performed to verify the signals involved in the suppression of root rot by B3.

Results

B3 preinoculation efficiently suppressed root rot, as evidenced by decreased cell death, pathogenic colonization and disease severity; however, these effects were absent in the B3 posttreated roots. B3 preinoculation locally and systemically enhanced resistance against pathogenic infection, which coincided with increased activities of pathogenesis-related proteins. These increased activities positively correlated with increased salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, in which SA played a dominant role.

Conclusions

Preinoculation with B3 effectively suppressed F. oxysporum infection in peanut roots by activating the SA-dependent defense pathway.

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Funding

We would like to acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31870478) and Program for Jiangsu Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Team (17CXTD00014).

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Author notes

  1. Kai Sun and Xing-Guang Xie contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China

    Kai Sun, Xing-Guang Xie, Fan Lu, Feng-Min Zhang, Wei Zhang, Wei He & Chuan-Chao Dai

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  1. Kai Sun
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Contributions

K.S. and X.-G. X. contributed equally to this work. W. H, C.-C.D., K.S. and X.-G.X. designed the experiments. K.S., X.-G.X., F.L., F.-M.Z. and W.Z. performed the experiments. K.S. and X.-G.X. prepared the manuscript. All authors contributed to data analysis and finalized the manuscript. Specifically, K.S. would like to thank Feng-Min Zhang for her company and invaluable support over the past years. We also express our gratitude to the anonymous reviewers and editorial staff for their time and attention.

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Correspondence to Wei He or Chuan-Chao Dai.

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Sun, K., Xie, XG., Lu, F. et al. Peanut preinoculation with a root endophyte induces plant resistance to soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum via activation of salicylic acid-dependent signaling. Plant Soil 460, 297–312 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04807-7

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