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Impact of potassium fertilization and potassium uptake by plants on soil clay mineral assemblage in South Brazil

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Abstract

Aims

Potassium (K) fertilization increases crop productivity, but in some cases, crop productivity is maintained even with inadequate or low K input. In both situations, the soil mineralogy plays a role that should be investigated. The aims of this study were to quantify the potassium concentrations in several soil compartments, determine the amount of K taken up by plants, and consider soil clay mineralogical changes and K dynamics, as response to K fertilization historic and successive crops.

Methods

A soil field experiment was conducted in south Brazil over a period of 15 years with different K doses, and a second experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with 11 successive plant cycles under two conditions: no K fertilization (K-poor context) and K fertilization of 30 and 90 mg kg−1 of soil (K-rich context).

Results

In the K-poor context, illite was not found in clay fraction and the non-exchangeable K and available K forms were reduced, compromising both the K uptake by plants and the crop yield. In the K-rich context, the low amount of illite was found compared to K-poor context, while relative hydroxy-aluminum interlayered vermiculite (HIV) abundance decreased in detriment of kaolinite. Furthermore, all K compartments (K in plants, available K, structural K, and non-exchangeable K) were restored when high fertilization was applied to the soil.

Conclusion

For correct fertilization, the soil mineralogy and fertilization background should be taken into account to obtain high crop production and low K loss in agricultural lands. This will help to maintain soil K reserve, but the successive crops induce ion exhaustion, including K, affecting whole clay mineral assemblage.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), the National Research and Innovation Council (CNPq/Brasilia-Brazil) for financial support and for a research fellowship granted to the authors E. C. Bortoluzzi, J. Kaminski, and D.R. dos Santos, and the CAPES-COFECUB under project Te 761-12 / 3504-11-5. The authors also thank Ph.D. Bruce Velde and the anonymous reviewers for help with some valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Osvaldo Aranha, 540, Bento Gonçalves, RS, 995700-000, Brazil

    Diovane Freire Moterle

  2. Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    João Kaminski & Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer

  3. Université de Poitiers, IC2MP-HydrASA UMR 7285, 7 rue Albert Turpain, B35 TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers, France

    Laurent Caner

  4. Laboratory of Land Use and Natural Resources, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, BR 285, km 292, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil

    Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi

Authors
  1. Diovane Freire Moterle
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  2. João Kaminski
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  3. Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer
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  4. Laurent Caner
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  5. Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi
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Correspondence to Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi.

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Responsible Editor: Benjamin L. Turner.

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Moterle, D.F., Kaminski, J., dos Santos Rheinheimer, D. et al. Impact of potassium fertilization and potassium uptake by plants on soil clay mineral assemblage in South Brazil. Plant Soil 406, 157–172 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2862-9

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