Abstract
Effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and air temperature (Tair) on accumulation and intra-plant partitioning of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen in paddy rice were investigated by performing a pot experiment in six natural sunlit temperature gradient chambers (TGCs) with or without CO2 fumigation. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were grown in TGCs for a whole season under two levels of [CO2] (ambient, 380 ppm; elevated, 622 ppm) and two daily Tair regimes (ambient, 25.2°C; elevated, 27.3°C) in split-plot design with triplication. The effects of elevated [CO2] and Tair on DM were most dramatic for grain and shoot with a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between [CO2] and Tair. Overall, total grain DM increased with elevated [CO2] by 69.6% in ambient Tair but decreased with elevated Tair by 33.8% in ambient [CO2] due to warming-induced floral sterility. Meanwhile, shoot DM significantly increased with elevated Tair by 20.8% in ambient [CO2] and by 46.6% in elevated [CO2]. Although no [CO2] × Tair interaction was detected, the greatest total DM was achieved by co-elevation of [CO2] and Tair (by 42.8% relative to the ambient conditions) via enhanced shoot and root DM accumulation, but not grain. This was attributed largely both to increase in tiller number and to accumulation of photosynthate in the shoot and root due to inhibition of photosynthate allocation to grain caused by warming-induced floral sterility. Distribution of N (both soil N and fertilizer 15N) among rice parts in responding to climatic variables entirely followed the pattern of DM. Our findings demonstrate that the projected warming is likely to induce a significant reduction in grain yield of rice by inhibiting DM (i.e., photosynthates) allocation to grain, though this may partially be mitigated by elevated [CO2].
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth EA (2008) Rice production in a changing climate: a meta-analysis of responses to elevated carbon dioxide and elevated ozone concentration. Global Change Biol 14:1642–1650
Anten NPR, Hirose T, Onoda Y, Kinugasa T, Kim HY, Okada M, Kobayashi K (2003) Elevated CO2 and nitrogen availability have interactive effects on canopy carbon gain in rice. New Phytol 161:459–471
Baker JT (2004) Yield responses of southern US rice cultivars to CO2 and temperature. Agr Forest Meteorol 122:129–137
Bannayan M, Kobayashi K, Kim HY, Lieffering M, Okada M, Miura S (2005) Modeling the interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and N on rice growth and yield. Field Crop Res 93:237–251
Bronson KF, Hussain F, Pasuquin E, Ladha JK (2000) Use of 15N-labeled soil in measuring nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in transplanted rice. Soil Sci Soc Am J 64:235–239
Choi WJ, Ro HM, Chang SX (2004) Recovery of fertilizer-derived inorganic-15N in a vegetable field soil as affected by application of an organic amendment. Plant Soil 263:191–201
Choung JI, Kim WJ, Lee JK, Lee DJ (1998) Response of cultural environment in introduced rice varieties. Korean J Intl Agr 14:260–266
Coats B (2003) Global rice production. In: Smith CW, Dilday RH (eds) Rice origin, history, technology and production. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 247–470
De Costa WAJM, Weerakoon WMW, Herath HMLK, Amaratunga KSP, Abeywardena RMI (2006) Physiology of yield determination of rice under elevated carbon dioxide at high temperature in a subhumid tropical climate. Field Crop Res 96:336–347
De Datta SK, Buresh RJ, Samson MI, Kai-Rong W (1988) Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen-15 balance in broadcast-seeded flooded and transplanted rice. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52:849–855
Hauck RD, Bremner JM (1976) Use of tracers for soil and fertilizer nitrogen research. Adv Agron 28:219–266
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: contribution of working groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva
Kim HY, Horie T, Nakagawa H, Wada K (1996a) Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature on growth and yield of rice. 2. The effect on yield and its components of Ahihikari rice. Jpn J Crop Sci 65:644–651
Kim HY, Horie T, Nakagawa H, Wada K (1996b) Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature on growth and yield of rice. Jpn J Crop Sci 65:634–643
Kim HY, Lieffering M, Miura S, Kobayashi K, Okada M (2001) Growth and nitrogen uptake of CO2-enriched rice under field conditions. New Phytol 150:223–229
Kim HY, Lieffering M, Kobayashi K, Okada M, Mitchell MW, Gumpertz M (2003a) Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment and nitrogen supply on the yield of temperate paddy rice crops. Field Crop Res 83:261–270
Kim HY, Lieffering M, Kobayashi K, Okadas M, Miura S (2003b) Seasonal changes in the effects of elevated CO2 on rice at three levels of nitrogen supply: a free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment. Global Change Biol 9:826–837
Kim HY, Thang V, Seo JB, Kim KY, Baik JS, Min KS (2004) A system designed for controlling both CO2 concentration and air temperature in paddies. Korean J Crop Sci 51:148–149
Krishnan P, Swain DK, Bhaskar BC, Nayak SK, Dash RN (2007) Impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on rice yield and methods of adaptation as evaluated by crop simulation studies. Agr Ecosyst Environ 122:233–242
Lieffering M, Kim HY, Kobayashi K, Okada M (2004) The impact of elevated CO2 on the elemental concentrations of field-grown rice grains. Field Crop Res 88:279–286
Lin WH, Ziska LH, Namuco OS, Bai K (1997) The interaction of high temperature and elevated CO2 on photosynthetic acclimation of single leaves of rice in situ. Physiol Plantarum 99:178–184
Lin WH, Bai KZ, Kuang TY (1999) Effects of elevated CO2 and high temperature on single leaf and canopy photosynthesis of rice. Acta Bot Sinica 41:624–628
Matsui T, Omasa T, Horie T (1997) High temperature-induced spikelet sterility of japonica rice at flowering in relation to air temperature, humidity and wind velocity. Jpn J Crop Sci 66:449–455
Moya TB, Ziska LH, Namuco OS, Olszyk D (1998) Growth dynamics and genotypic variation in tropical, field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to increasing carbon dioxide and temperature. Global Change Biol 4:645–656
Nakagawa H, Horie T (2000) Rice responses to elevated CO2 and temperature. Global Environ Res 3:101–113
Nuruzzaman M, Yamamoto Y, Nitta Y, Yoshida T, Miyaaki A (2000) Varietal differences in tillering ability of fourteen Japonica and Indica rice varieties. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 46:381–391
Prasad PVV, Boote KJ, Allen LH Jr, Sheehy JE, Thomas JMG (2006) Species, ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature. Field Crop Res 95:398–411
Rowland-Bamford AJ, Baker JT, LHJr A, Bowes G (1996) Interactions of CO2 enrichment and temperature on carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning in rice. Environ Exp Bot 36:111–124
Sakai H, Hasegawa T, Kobayashi K (2006) Enhancement of rice canopy carbon gain by elevated CO2 is sensitive to growth stage and leaf nitrogen concentration. New Phytol 170:321–332
Sasaki H, Hara T, Ito S, Miura S, Hoque MM, Lieffering M, Kim HY, Okada M, Kobayashi K (2005) Seasonal changes in canopy photosynthesis and respiration, and partitioning of photosynthate, in rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth under free-air CO2 enrichment. Plant Cell Physiol 46:1704–1712
Schnier HF (1994) Nitrogen-15 recovery fraction in flooded tropical rice as affected by added nitrogen interaction. Eur J Agron 3:161–167
Seneweera SP, Conroy JP, Ishimaru K, Ghannoum O, Okada M, Lieffering M, Kim HY, Kobayashi K (2002) Changes in source-sink relations during development influence photosynthetic acclimation of rice to free air CO2 enrichment (FACE). Funct Plant Biol 29:945–953
Vu Thang (2008) Growth, yield and resource use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under simulated global warming with elevated atmospheric CO2. Dissertation, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
Weerakoon WMW, Ingram KT, Moss DN (2005) Atmospheric CO2 concentration effects on N partitioning and fertilizer N recovery in field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agr Ecosyst Environ 108:342–349
Yang LX, Huang JY, Yang HJ, Zhu JG, Liu HJ, Dong GC, Liu G, Han Y, Wang YL (2006) The impacts of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and N supply on yield formation of rice crops with large panicle. Field Crop Res 98:141–150
Yang LX, Huang HY, Yang HJ, Dong GC, Liu HJ, Liu G, Zhu JG, Wang YL (2007) Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization of rice at three levels of N fertilization. Field Crop Res 100:189–199
Yang LX, Wang YL, Kobayashi K, Zhu JG, Huang J, Yang HJ Y, Wang YX, Dong GC, Liu G, Han Y, Shan YH, Hu J, Zhou J (2008) Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on growth, morphology and physiology of rice root at three levels of nitrogen fertilization. Global Change Biol 14:1844–1853
Ziska LH, Namuco O, Moya T, Quilang J (1997) Growth and yield responses of field-grown tropical rice to increasing carbon dioxide and air temperature. Agron J 89:45–53
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2005-041- F00003). Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University provided assistance with the collection and preparation of samples. Nitrogen isotope analysis was performed with the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea (2010) (“The Support Program for the Advancement of National Research Facilities and Equipment”). The authors thank Mr. Yong-Se Park at National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University for the operation of the Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IsoPrime-EA, NFEC-1999-07-019779).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Per Ambus.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, HY., Lim, SS., Kwak, JH. et al. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to experimental warming with elevated CO2 . Plant Soil 342, 59–71 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0665-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0665-y