Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Dormancy and longevity of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) as affected by soil type, depth, rainfall, and duration of burial

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Effects of soil type, time, depth of seed burial and rainfall pattern were investigated on the longevity of glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) in the northern summer rainfall dominant grain region of Australia in a 16 month experiment conducted under polyhouse conditions. Lolium rigidum seeds placed in nylon bags were buried in pots at 5 and 10 cm depth in either Laureldale (clay) or Kirby (sandy loam) soil receiving simulated rainfall representing a Tamworth (summer) and Hamilton (winter) rainfall environment of Australia. The bags were exhumed every four months and tested for percent viable, germinable, dormant and dead seeds. In the short term (several months), factors such as soil type, rainfall and depth of burial affected the fate and condition of L. rigidum seeds and emergence pattern of seedlings. However, irrespective of treatment, all seeds lost their viability after 16 months of burial. Hence, in the longer term, L. rigidum behaviour in this summer dominant rainfall environment with different soils is likely to be similar to that where the weed occurs more commonly in the southern Mediterranean regions of Australia. Maximum emergence in the polyhouse occurred during mid autumn similar to that in the field. The results from this experiment will allow for the development of management strategies which may enhance the depletion of the soil seedbank of viable L. rigidum seeds in the shortest possible time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Benech Arnold RL, Sanchez RA, Forcella F, Kruk B, Ghersa CM (2000) Environmental control of dormancy in weed soil seed banks. Field Crops Res 67:105–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benvenuti S (2003) Soil texture involvement in germination and emergence of buried weed seeds. Agron J 95:191–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Benvenuti S, Macchia M (1995) Effect of hypoxia on buried weed seeds germination. Weed Res 35:343–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benvenuti S, Macchia M (1997) Phytochrome-mediated germination control of Datura stramonium L. seeds after seed burial. Weed Res 38:199–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benvenuti S, Macchia M, Miele S (2001) Light, temperature and burial depth effects on Rumex obtusifolius seed germination and emergence. Weed Res 41:177–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhler DD, Hartzler RG, Forcella F (1998) Weed seedbank dynamics: implications to weed management. J Crop Prod 1:145–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan BS, Gill G, Preston C (2006a) Seedling recruitment pattern and depth of recruitment of 10 weed species in minimum tillage and no-till seeding systems. Weed Sci 54:658–668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan BS, Gill G, Preston C (2006b) Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Weed Sci 54:1004–1012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gramshaw D (1972) Germination of annual ryegrass seeds (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) as influenced by temperature, light, storage environment, and age. Aust J Agric Res 23:779–787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gramshaw D, Stern WR (1977) Survival of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) seed in a Mediterranean type environment. II Effects of short term burial on persistence of viable seed. Aust J Agric Res 28:93–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann HT, Kofranek AM, Rubatzky VE, Flocker WJ (1981) Plant Science. Growth development and utilisation of cultivated plants. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm RE (1972) Volatile metabolites controlling weed germination in soil. Plant Physiol 50:293–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller SD, Nalewaja JD (1990) Influence of burial depth on wild oats (Avena fatua) seed longevity. Weed Technol 4:514–517

    Google Scholar 

  • Moerkerk M 2001 Weed ID/Management. In Online: http://weedman.horsham.net.au

  • Moss SR (1985) The survival of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. seeds in soil. Weed Res 25:201–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narwal S (2007) Factors affecting seedbank dynamics of Lolium rigidum Gaudin (annual ryegrass) and other cropping weeds of northern NSW. PhD thesis, Agronomy and Soil Science, The University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia

  • Omami EN, Haigh AM, Medd RW, Nicol HI (1999) Changes in germinability, dormancy and viability of Amaranthus retroflexus as affected by depth and duration of burial. Weed Res 39:345–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peltzer SC, Matson PT (2002) How fast do the seedbanks of five annual cropping weeds deplete in the absence of seed input? In: Spafford Jacob H, Dodd J, Moore JH (eds) Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australian Weeds Conference. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Perth, pp 553–555

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston C, Roush RT, Powles SB (1999) Herbicide resistance in weeds of southern Australia: why are we the worst in the world? In: Bishop Boersma ACM, Barnes CD (eds) Proceedings of the Twelfth Australian Weeds Conference. Tasmanian Weed Society Incorporated, Hobart, Australia, pp 454–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Quail PH, Carter OG (1968) Survival and seasonal germination of seeds of Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana. Aust J Agric Res 19:721–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R Development Core Team (2006) R; A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Steadman KJ, Bignell GP, Michael PJ (2004a) Stimulating dormancy release and emergence of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds using short-term hydrated storage in darkness. Aust J Agric Res 55:787–795

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steadman KJ, Ellery AJ, Chapman R, Moore A, Turner NC (2004b) Maturation temperature and rainfall influence seed dormancy characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Aust J Agric Res 55:1047–1057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steadman KJ, Eaton DM, Plummer JA, Ferris DG, Powles SB (2006) Late-season non-selective herbicide application reduces Lolium rigidum seed numbers, seed viability, and seedling fitness. Aust J Agric Res 57:133–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoller EW, Wax LM (1973) Periodicity of germination and emergences of some annual weeds. Weed Sci 21:574–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Storrie A, Cook T (2002) Glyphosate resistance in northern New South Wales – a growing concern. In: Spafford Jacob H, Dodd J, Moore JH (eds) Proceedings of the Thirteenth Australian Weeds Conference. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, pp 601–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Van TK, Rayamajhi MB, Center TD (2005) Seed longevity of Melaleuca quinquenervia: a burial experiment in South Florida. J Aquat Plant Manage 43:39–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Vila-Aiub MM, Neve P, Steadman KJ, Powles SB (2005) Ecological fitness of a multiple herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum population: dynamics of seed germination and seedling emergence of resistant and susceptible phenotypes. J Appl Ecol 42:288–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zorner PS, Zimdahl RL, Schweizer EE (1984) Sources of viable seed loss in buried dormant and non dormant populations of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seed in Colorado. Weed Res 24:143–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

Thanks go to the University of New England and Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management for financial support of this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Rural Science, The University of New England, CRC for Australian Weed Management, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia

    Sandeep Narwal, Brian M. Sindel & Robin S. Jessop

  2. Agronomy and Soil Science, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, NSW, Australia

    Sandeep Narwal

Authors
  1. Sandeep Narwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Brian M. Sindel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Robin S. Jessop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandeep Narwal.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Hans Lambers.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Narwal, S., Sindel, B.M. & Jessop, R.S. Dormancy and longevity of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) as affected by soil type, depth, rainfall, and duration of burial. Plant Soil 310, 225–234 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9649-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9649-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation