Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The effectiveness of soil-applied FeEDDHA treatments in preventing iron chlorosis in soybean as a function of the o,o-FeEDDHA content

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The application of FeEDDHA products is the most common practice to prevent or to remedy Fe chlorosis in crops grown on calcareous soils. These products consist of a mixture of EDDHA components chelated to Fe. In this study such mixtures have been divided into four (groups of) components: racemic o,o-EDDHA, meso o,o-EDDHA, o,p-EDDHA and rest-EDDHA. Because the physical and chemical properties of these components differ, so does their effectiveness in delivering Fe to the plant. This effectiveness has not yet been examined in soil application, but needs to be understood to come to an adequate Fe fertilization recommendation. In this study the influence of composition of FeEDDHA treatments on Fe uptake by soybean plants (Glycine Max (L.) Merr. cv. Mycogen 5072) grown on calcareous soils was examined in two pot trials involving eight soils. The FeEDDHA treatments were equal in Fe dose but differed in o,o-FeEDDHA content, and were applied prior to the set in of chlorosis. The o,o-FeEDDHA content largely determined the Fe concentration in the pore water. In turn, in soils that induced chlorosis, the Fe concentration in the pore water determined the Fe uptake. The relationship between Fe concentration and Fe uptake is non-linear: initially Fe uptake increases strongly with increasing Fe concentration, but the slope flattens and a plateau is reached. FeEDDHA treatments increased both yield (up to 30%) and Fe content of the plant tissue (up to 50%). From FeEDDHA products with a higher o,o-FeEDDHA content, a smaller Fe dose is required to obtain the same results in terms of yield and Fe nutritional value.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. These chemicals were kindly provided by AKZO-Nobel.

  2. Soybean seeds were kindly provided by dr. R. J. Goos from the Department of Soil Science of the North Dakota State University.

  3. No chlorosis was expected on the reference soil from Droevendaal. Compared to other soils the initial plant growth was very rapid on the Droevendaal soil, which may have caused some temporal iron shortage in the blank treatment.

Abbreviations

o,o-FeEDDHA:

iron (3+) ethylene diamine-N,N’-bis(2-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid) complex

o,p-FeEDDHA:

iron (3+) ethylene diamine-N-(2-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid)-N’-(4-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid) complex

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

DTPA:

Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid

ICP-MS/AES:

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy/atomic emission spectroscopy

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

References

  • Adams ML, Norvell WA, Philpot WD, Peverly JH (2000) Spectral detection of micronutrient deficiency in ‘Bragg’ soybean. Agron J 92:261–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahrland S, Dahlgren A, Persson I (1990) Stabilities and hydrolysis of some iron(III) and manganese(III) complexes with chelating ligands. Acta Agric Scand 40:101–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Fernandez A, Garacia-Marco S, Lucena JJ (2005) Evaluation of synthetic iron(III)-chelats (EDDHA/Fe3+, EDDHMA/Fe3+ and the novel EDDHSA/Fe3+) to correct iron chlorosis. Eur J Agron 22:119–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Fernandez A, Garate A, Lucena JJ (1997) Interaction of iron chelates with several soil materials and with a soil standard. J Plant Nutr 20:559–572

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-Fernandez A, Sierra MA, Lucena JJ (2002) Reactivity of synthetic Fe chelates with soils and soil components. Plant Soil 241:129–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez Fernandez A, Garcia Lavina P, Fidalgo C, Abadia J, Abadia A (2004) Foliar fertilization to control iron chlorosis in pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees. Plant Soil 263:5–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bannochie CJ, Martell AE (1989) Affinities of racemic and meso forms of N,N’-ethylenebis[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine] for divalent and trivalent metal ions. J Am Chem Soc 111:4735–4742

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banuls J, Quinones A, Martin B, Primo Millo E, Legaz F (2003) Effects of the frequency of iron chelate supply by fertigation on iron chlorosis in citrus. J Plant Nutr 26:1985–1996

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bienfait HF, Garcia Mina J, Zamareno AM (2004) Distribution and secondary effects of EDDHA in some vegetable species. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 50:1103–1110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boxma R (1972) Bicarbonate as the most important soil factor in lime-induced chlorosis in the Netherlands. Plant Soil 37:233–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canellas LP, Olivares FL, Okorokova Facanha AL, Facanha AR (2002) Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and plasma membrane H+-AtPase activity in maize roots. Plant physiol Dec 2002 130:1951–1957

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerdan M, Juarez SAM, Jorda JD, Bermudez D (2006) Fe uptake from meso and d,l-racemic Fe(o,o-EDDHA) isomers by strategy I and II plants. J Agric Food Chem 54:1387–1391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cesco S, Nikolic M, Romheld V, Varanini Z, Pinton R (2002) Uptake of 59Fe from soluble 59Fe-humate complexes by cucumber and barley plants. Plant Soil 241:121–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cesco S, Romheld V, Varanini Z, Pinton R (2000) Solubilization of iron by water-extractable humic substances. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 163:285–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaney RL (1984) Diagnostic practices to identify iron deficiency in higher plants. J Plant Nutr 7:47–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaney RL, Brown JC, Tiffin LO (1972) Obligatory reduction of ferric chelates in iron uptake by soybeans. Plant Physiol 50:208–213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frost AE, Freedman HH, Westerback SJ, Martell AE (1958) Chelating tendencies of N,N’-ethylenebis-[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)]-glycine. J Am Chem Soc 80:530–536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Marco S, Martinez N, Yunta F, Hernandez-Apaolaza L, Lucena JJ (2006) Effectiveness of ethylenediamine-N(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N’(p-hydroxy-phenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) to supply iron to plants. Plant Soil 279:31–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Marco S, Yunta F, de la Hinojosa MIM, Marti G, Lucena JJ (2003) Evaluation of commercial Fe(III)-chelates using different methods. J Plant Nutr 26:2009–2021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemi Fasaei R, Ronaghi A, Maftoun M, Karimian N, Soltanpour PN (2003) Influence of FeEDDHA on iron-manganese interaction in soybean genotypes in a calcareous soil. J Plant Nutr 26:1815–1823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goos RJ, Johnson B, Jackson G, Hargrove G (2004) Greenhouse evaluation of controlled-release iron fertilizers for soybean. J Plant Nutr 27:43–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goos RJ, Johnson BE (2000) A comparison of three methods for reducing iron-deficiency chlorosis in soybean. Agron J 92:1135–1139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gruber B, Kosegarten H (2002) Depressed growth of non-chlorotic vine grown in calcareous soil is an iron deficiency symptom prior to leaf chlorosis. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 165:111–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heenan DP, Campbell LC (1983) Manganese and iron interactions on their uptake and distribution in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Plant Soil 70:317–326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heitholt JJ, Sloan JJ, MacKown CT, Cabrera RI (2003) Soybean growth on calcareous soil as affected by three iron sources. J Plant Nutr 26:935–948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Apaolaza L, Garate A, Lucena JJ (1995) Efficacy of commercial Fe(III)-EDDHA and Fe(III)-EDDHMA chelates to supply iron to sunflower and corn seedlings. J Plant Nutr 18:1209–1223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Apaolaza L, Garcia Marco S, Nadal P, Lucena JJ, Sierra MA, Gomez-Gallego M, Ramirez-Lopez P, Escudero R (2006) Structure and fertilizer properties of byproducts formed in the synthesis of EDDHA. J Agric Food Chem 54:4355–4363

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Apaolaza L, Lucena JJ (2001) Fe(III)-EDDHA and -EDDHMA sorption on Ca-montmorillonite, ferrihydrite, and peat. J Agric Food Chem 49:5258–5264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes RS, Brown JC (1955) Chelates as correctives for chlorosis. Soil Sci 80:167–179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houba VJG, van der Lee JJG, Novozamsky I (1997) Soil and Plant Analysis. Wageningen University.

  • Lindsay WL (1979) Chemical equilibria in soils . Wiley, New York, p 449

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42:421–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucena JJ (2003) Fe chelates for remediation of Fe chlorosis in strategy I plants. J Plant Nutr 26:1969–1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucena JJ, Manzanares M, Garate A (1992) A test to evaluate the efficacy of commercial Fe-chelates. J Plant Nutr 15:1553–1566

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic, London, p 889

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschner H, Treeby M, Romheld V (1989) Role of root-induced changes in the rhizosphere for iron acquisition in higher plants. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 152:197–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mengel K (1994) Iron availability in plant tissues-iron chlorosis on calcareous soils. Paper presented at the seventh international symposium on iron nutrition in soils and plants, Zaragoza, Spain, 27 June–2 July 1993; 40 ref. Plant-and-Soil, pp 275–283

  • Mengel K, Breininger MT, Bubl W (1984) Bicarbonate, the most important factor inducing iron chlorosis in vine grapes on calcareous soil. Plant Soil 81:333–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moraghan JT (1979) Manganese toxicity in flax growing on certain calcareous soils low in available iron. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43:1177–1180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris DR, Loeppert RH, Moore TJ (1990) Indigenous soil factors influencing iron chlorosis of soybean in calcareous soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 54:1329–1336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortvedt JJ (1991) Correcting iron deficiencies in annual and perennial plants: present technologies and future prospects. Plant Soil 130:273–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novozamsky I, Eck RV, Houba VJG, Lee JJVD (1996) Solubilization of plant tissue with nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-hydrogen peroxide in a closed-system microwave digestor. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 27:867–875

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandeya SB, Singh AK, Dhar P (1998) Influence of fulvic acid on transport of iron in soils and uptake by paddy seedlings. Plant Soil 198:117–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papastylianou I (1990) Effectiveness of iron chelates and FeSO4 for correcting iron chlorosis of peanut on calcareous soils. J Plant Nutr 13:555–566

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petree HE, Myatt HL and Jelenvsky AM (1978) Preparation of phenolic ethylenediaminepolycarboxylic acids. In U.S. Patent 4,-130,582

  • Pinton R, Cesco S, Santi S, Varanini Z (1997) Soil humic substances stimulate proton release by intact oat seedling roots. J Plant Nutr 20:857–869

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quevauviller P, Lachica M, Barahona E, Rauret G, Ure A, Gomez A, Muntau H (1996) Interlaboratory comparison of EDTA and DTPA procedures prior to certification of extractable trace elements in calcareous soil. Sci Total Environ 178:127–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed DW, Lyons CG Jr, McEachern GR (1988) Field evaluation of inorganic and chelated iron fertilizers as foliar sprays and soil application. J Plant Nutr 11:1369–1378

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reuter DJ, Robinson JB, Dutkiewicz C (1997) Plant analysis: an interpretation manual. CSIRO, Collingwood

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenkeveld WDC, Reichwein AM, Temminghoff EJM, Riemsdijk WHV (2007) The behaviour of EDDHA isomers in soils as influenced by soil properties. Plant Soil 290:85–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann U (1964) The differentiation of iron oxides in soil by extraction with ammonium–oxalate solution. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 105:194–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Y, Byrne DH, Reed DW, Loeppert RH (1993) Influence of bicarbonate level on iron-chlorosis development and nutrient uptake of the peach rootstock Montclar. J Plant Nutr 16:1675–1689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser O, Kohl K, Romheld V (1999) Overestimation of apoplastic Fe in roots of soil grown plants. Plant and Soil 210:179–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatraju K, Marschner H (1981) Inhibition of iron-stress reactions in sunflower by bicarbonate. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 144:339–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walinga I, Kithome M, Novozamsky I, Houba VJG, Lee JJVD (1992) Spectrophotometric determination of organic carbon in soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 23:1935–1944

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Cha JW (1986) Effects of bicarbonate, phosphorus, iron EDDHA, and nitrogen sources on soybeans grown in calcareous soil. J Plant Nutr 9:251–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Lunt OR (1960) Iron chlorosis in horticultural plants, a review. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 75:819–841

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Muerller R, Lunt OR, Ashcroft RT, Shannon LM (1955) Comparisons of five chelating agents in soils, in nutrient solutions, and in plant responses. Soil Sci 80:101–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace A, Wallace GA (1983) Use of synthetic chelating agents in experimental and commercial nutrient solutions. J Plant Nutr 6:513–525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yunta F, Garcia-Marco S, Lucena JJ (2003a) Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N’-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions. J Agric Food Chem 51:5391–5399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yunta F, Garcia-Marco S, Lucena JJ, Gomez-Gallego M, Alcazar R, Sierra MA (2003b) Chelating agents related to ethylenediamine bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (EDDHA): synthesis, characterization, and equilibrium studies of the free ligands and their Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+chelates. Inorg Chem 42:5412–5421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation and gratitude to the following: AKZO Nobel for financing this project which was initiated by P.Weijters and M. Bugter, P. Nobels for his help with the ICP-measurements, T. Scheperman for the synthesis of the EDDHA stock solutions, W. Menkveld, A. Brader and P. Pellen for plant care, dr. R. J. Goos for providing the soybean seeds and J. Nelemans for advice and practical support.

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Postbus 8005, 6700 EC, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    W. D. C. Schenkeveld, R. Dijcker, E. J. M. Temminghoff & W. H. van Riemsdijk

  2. Dept. CFC-CMS, Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV, P.O. Box 9300, 6800 SB, Arnhem, The Netherlands

    A. M. Reichwein

Authors
  1. W. D. C. Schenkeveld
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Dijcker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. M. Reichwein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. J. M. Temminghoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W. H. van Riemsdijk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. J. M. Temminghoff.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Jian Feng Ma.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM (PDF 562 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schenkeveld, W.D.C., Dijcker, R., Reichwein, A.M. et al. The effectiveness of soil-applied FeEDDHA treatments in preventing iron chlorosis in soybean as a function of the o,o-FeEDDHA content. Plant Soil 303, 161–176 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9496-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9496-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation