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Land use intensification affects soil microbial populations, functional diversity and related suppressiveness of cucumber Fusarium wilt in China’s Yangtze River Delta

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Abstract

The extent of soil microbial diversity in agricultural soils is critical to the maintenance of soil health and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of land use intensification on soil microbial diversity and thus the level of soil suppressiveness of cucumber Fusarium wilt. We examined three typical microbial populations, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Fuasarium oxysporum, and bacterial functional diversity in soils from three different land use types in China’s Yangtze River Delta, and related those to suppressiveness of cucumber Fusarium wilt. The land use types were a traditional rice wheat (or rape) rotation land, an open field vegetable land, and a polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land that had been transformed from the above two land use types since 1995. Results generated from the field soils showed similar counts for Bacillus spp. (log 5.87–6.01 CFU g−1 dw soil) among the three soils of different land use types, significantly lower counts for Pseudomonas spp. (log 5.44 CFU g−1 dw soil) in the polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land whilst significantly lower counts for Fusarium oxysporum (log 3.21 CFU g−1 dw soil) in the traditional rice wheat (or rape) rotation land. A significant lower dehydrogenase activity (33.56 mg TPF kg−1 dw day−1) was observed in the polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land. Community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of the bacterial communities in soils showed that the average well color development (AWCD) and three functional diversity indices of Shannon index (H′), Simpson index (D) and McIntosh index (U) at 96 h incubation in BIOLOG Eco Micro plates were significantly lower in the polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land than in both the traditional rice wheat (or rape) rotation land and the open field vegetable land. A further greenhouse experiment with the air-dried and sieved soils displayed significantly lower plant growth parameters of 10-old cucumber seedlings as well as significantly lower biomass and total fresh fruit yield at the end of harvesting at day 70 in the polytunnel greenhouse vegetable soil sources. The percentages of Fusarium wilt plant death were greatly increased in the polytunnel greenhouse vegetable plants, irrespective of being inoculated with or without Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Our results could provide a better understanding of the effects of land use intensification on soil microbial population and functional diversity as well as the level of soil suppressiveness of cucumber Fusarium wilt.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Kzcx3-sw-439). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that had improved this manuscript greatly. The authors also thank Yahong Wei from Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, China, for supplying the strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Weishou Shen, Xiangui Lin, Nan Gao, Huayong Zhang, Rui Yin, Weiming Shi & Zengqiang Duan

  2. Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and Environment, Institute of Soil Science and Hong Kong Baptist University, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Weishou Shen, Xiangui Lin, Huayong Zhang & Rui Yin

  3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

    Weishou Shen & Nan Gao

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  1. Weishou Shen
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  2. Xiangui Lin
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Correspondence to Xiangui Lin.

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Responsible Editor: Harsh P. Bais.

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Shen, W., Lin, X., Gao, N. et al. Land use intensification affects soil microbial populations, functional diversity and related suppressiveness of cucumber Fusarium wilt in China’s Yangtze River Delta. Plant Soil 306, 117–127 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9472-5

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