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Initial changes in the transcriptome of Euphorbia esula seeds induced to germinate with a combination of constant and diurnal alternating temperatures

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Abstract

We investigated transcriptome changes in Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) seeds with a focus on the effect of constant and diurnal fluctuating temperature on dormancy and germination. Leafy spurge seeds do not germinate when incubated for 21 days at 20°C constant temperatures, but nearly 30% germinate after 21 days under fluctuating temperatures 20:30°C (16:8 h). Incubation at 20°C for 21 days followed by 20:30°C resulted in approximately 63% germination in about 10 days. A cDNA microarray representing approximately 22,000 unique sequences was used to profile transcriptome changes in the first day after transfer of seeds from constant to alternating temperature conditions. Functional classification based on MIPS and gene ontology revealed active metabolism including up-regulation of energy, protein synthesis, and signal transduction processes. Down-regulated processes included translation elongation, translation, and some biosynthetic processes. Subnetwork analysis identified genes involved in abscisic acid, sugar, and circadian clock signaling as key regulators of physiological activity in seeds soon after the transfer to alternating conditions.

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Abbreviations

A:

Alternating temperature

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABA1:

ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE

ABI:

ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE

AAO:

ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE

C:

Constant temperature

21 d C + 1 d A:

21 d Constant temperature at 20°C plus 1 d alternating temperature at 20:30°C

CAB1:

CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN 1

COP1:

CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS1

d:

Day

F19K23.21:

APARTYL PROTEASE family protein

GA:

Gibberellic acid

GO:

Gene ontology

GSEA:

Gene set enrichment analysis

GUN:

GENOMES UNCOUPLED

HY5:

LONG HYPOCOTYL 5

LEC1:

LEAFY COTYLEDON 1

LKP2:

LOV KELCH PROTEIN 2

MIPS:

Munich information center for protein sequences

MYB44:

MYB Domain protein 44

NCED:

9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASES

PKL:

PICKLE

PRR:

PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR

SNA:

Subnetwork analysis

SPA1:

SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105

S.D.:

Standard deviation

TOC1:

TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1

vs.:

Versus

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Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges Brant Bigger, Barry Hoffer, Wayne Sargent and Cheryl Kimberlin for their technical assistance; and Dr. Mark West for assistance with statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Lab, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58105-5674, USA

    Michael E. Foley, James V. Anderson, Wun S. Chao & David P. Horvath

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, 166 Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA

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Authors
  1. Michael E. Foley
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  2. James V. Anderson
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  3. Wun S. Chao
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  4. Münevver Doğramacı
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  5. David P. Horvath
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Correspondence to Michael E. Foley.

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Foley, M.E., Anderson, J.V., Chao, W.S. et al. Initial changes in the transcriptome of Euphorbia esula seeds induced to germinate with a combination of constant and diurnal alternating temperatures. Plant Mol Biol 73, 131–142 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-009-9569-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-009-9569-8

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