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Identification of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase isoforms essential for starch synthesis in the leaf and seed endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) catalyzes the first committed step of starch biosynthesis in higher plants. To identify AGP isoforms essential for this biosynthetic process in sink and source tissues of rice plants, we analyzed the rice AGP gene family which consists of two genes, OsAGPS1 and OsAGPS2, encoding small subunits (SSU) and four genes, OsAGPL1, OsAGPL2, OsAGPL3 and OsAGPL4, encoding large subunits (LSU) of this enzyme heterotetrameric complex. Subcellular localization studies using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs indicate that OsAGPS2a, the product of the leaf-preferential transcript of OsAGPS2, and OsAGPS1, OsAGPL1, OsAGPL3, and OsAGPL4 are plastid-targeted isoforms. In contrast, two isoforms, SSU OsAGPS2b which is a product of a seed-specific transcript of OsAGPS2, and LSU OsAGPL2, are localized in the cytosol. Analysis of osagps2 and osagpl2 mutants revealed that a lesion of one of the two cytosolic isoforms, OsAGPL2 and OsAGPS2b, causes a shrunken endosperm due to a remarkable reduction in starch synthesis. In leaves, however, only the osagps2 mutant appears to severely reduce the transitory starch content. Interestingly, the osagps2 mutant was indistinguishable from wild type during vegetative plant growth. Western blot analysis of the osagp mutants and wild type plants demonstrated that OsAGPS2a is an SSU isoform mainly present in leaves, and that OsAGPS2b and OsAGPL2 are the major SSU and LSU isoforms, respectively, in the endosperm. Finally, we propose a spatiotemporal complex model of OsAGP SSU and LSU isoforms in leaves and in developing endosperm of rice plants.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Pieter Ouwerkerk (Institute of Biology, Leiden University, The Netherlands) for the binary vector pC1300intC. This work was supported, in part, by grants from SRC for the Plant Metabolism Research Center (PMRC), Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Program; from the Biogreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration; from the Crop Functional Genomic Center (CG1422 and CG1111), the 21 Century Frontier Program; and from the BK21 Program, Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. S.-K. H. and T.W.O. gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER20216.

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  1. Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea

    Sang-Kyu Lee, Muho Han, Joon-Seob Eom, Man-Ho Cho, Seong Hee Bhoo, Tae-Ryong Hahn & Jong-Seong Jeon

  2. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA

    Seon-Kap Hwang & Thomas W. Okita

  3. BK21 Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea

    Hong-Gyu Kang

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Myongji University, Yongin, 449-728, Korea

    Yulyi Han & Sang-Bong Choi

  5. National Research Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Korea

    Gynheung An

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Lee, SK., Hwang, SK., Han, M. et al. Identification of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase isoforms essential for starch synthesis in the leaf and seed endosperm of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Mol Biol 65, 531–546 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-007-9153-z

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