Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Prognostic factors of regrowth in nonfunctioning pituitary tumors

  • Published:
Pituitary Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Surgery is the treatment of choice for nonfunctioning pituitary tumors (NFPTs). Postoperative tumor regrowth during follow-up is present in about half of the patients with invasive NFPTs with residual tumor but occurs also in 15% of patient without residue. Therapeutic strategies should consider this risk of recurrence and the potential side effects associated with therapeutic options. Identification of prognostic markers is mandatory to help clinicians to predict the risk of recurrence and to choose the best strategy between conservative follow-up, second surgery, postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy, and medical treatment (dopamine agonists, somatostatin analogs). Recent advances in pathological classification may be the first step for identification of NFPTs with a high risk of recurrence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Asa SL, Casar-Borota O, Chanson P, Delgrange E, Earls P, Ezzat S, Grossman A, Ikeda H, Inoshita N, Karavitaki N, Korbonits M, Laws ER Jr, Lopes MB, Maartens N, McCutcheon IE, Mete O, Nishioka H, Raverot G, Roncaroli F, Saeger W, Syro LV, Vasiljevic A, Villa C, Wierinckx A, Trouillas J, and the attendees of 14th Meeting of the International Pituitary Pathology Club, A.F.N. (2017) From pituitary adenoma to pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET): an International Pituitary Pathology Club proposal. Endocr Relat Cancer 24(4):C5–C8. https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-17-0004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Vasiljevic A, Jouanneau E, Trouillas J, Raverot G (2016) Clinicopathological prognostic and theranostic markers in pituitary tumors. Minerva Endocrinol 41(3):377–389

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gittoes NJ, Bates AS, Tse W, Bullivant B, Sheppard MC, Clayton RN, Stewart PM (1998) Radiotherapy for non-function pituitary tumours. Clin Endocrinol 48(3):331–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Greenman Y, Ouaknine G, Veshchev I, Reider G II, Segev Y, Stern N (2003) Postoperative surveillance of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas: markers of tumour quiescence and regrowth. Clin Endocrinol 58(6):763–769

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tampourlou M, Ntali G, Ahmed S, Arlt W, Ayuk J, Byrne JV, Chavda S, Cudlip S, Gittoes N, Grossman A, Mitchell R, O’Reilly MW, Paluzzi A, Toogood A, Wass JA, Karavitaki N (2017) Outcome of non-functioning pituitary adenomas that regrow after primary treatment: a study from two large UK centers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-4061

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ayuk J, Stewart PM (2009) Mortality following pituitary radiotherapy. Pituitary 12(1):35–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-007-0083-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Brada M, Ashley S, Ford D, Traish D, Burchell L, Rajan B (2002) Cerebrovascular mortality in patients with pituitary adenoma. Clin Endocrinol 57(6):713–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Erfurth EM, Bulow B, Svahn-Tapper G, Norrving B, Odh K, Mikoczy Z, Bjork J, Hagmar L (2002) Risk factors for cerebrovascular deaths in patients operated and irradiated for pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(11):4892–4899. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020526

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hahn CA, Zhou SM, Raynor R, Tisch A, Light K, Shafman T, Wong T, Kirkpatrick J, Turkington T, Hollis D, Marks LB (2009) Dose-dependent effects of radiation therapy on cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73(4):1082–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.05.061

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Burman P, van Beek AP, Biller BM, Camacho-Hübner C, Mattsson AF (2017) Radiotherapy, especially at young age, increases the risk for de novo brain tumors in patients treated for pituitary/sellar lesions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(3):1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-3402

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Greenman Y (2017) Management of endocrine disease: present and future perspectives for medical therapy of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 177(3):R113–R124. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Roelfsema F, Biermasz NR, Pereira AM (2012) Clinical factors involved in the recurrence of pituitary adenomas after surgical remission: a structured review and meta-analysis. Pituitary 15(1):71–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-011-0347-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cortet-Rudelli C, Bonneville JF, Borson-Chazot F, Clavier L, Coche Dequéant B, Desailloud R, Maiter D, Rohmer V, Sadoul JL, Sonnet E, Toussaint P, Chanson P (2015) Post-surgical management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol 76(3):228–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kremer P, Forsting M, Ranaei G, Wuster C, Hamer J, Sartor K, Kunze S (2002) Magnetic resonance imaging after transsphenoidal surgery of clinically non-functional pituitary macroadenomas and its impact on detecting residual adenoma. Acta Neurochir 144(5):433–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007010200064

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen Y, Wang CD, Su ZP, Chen YX, Cai L, Zhuge QC, Wu ZB (2012) Natural history of postoperative nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroendocrinology 96(4):333–342. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339823

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Reddy R, Cudlip S, Byrne JV, Karavitaki N, Wass JA (2011) Can we ever stop imaging in surgically treated and radiotherapy-naive patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma? Eur J Endocrinol 165(5):739–744. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0566

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Brochier S, Galland F, Kujas M, Parker F, Gaillard S, Raftopoulos C, Young J, Alexopoulou O, Maiter D, Chanson P (2010) Factors predicting relapse of nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas after neurosurgery: a study of 142 patients. Eur J Endocrinol 163(2):193–200. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-10-0255EJE-10-0255

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Raverot G, Dantony E, Beauvy J, Vasiljevic A, Mikolasek S, Borson-Chazot F, Jouanneau E, Roy P, Trouillas J (2017) Risk of recurrence in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a prospective study using a five-tiered classification. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(9):3368–3374. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-00773

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Trouillas J, Roy P, Sturm N, Dantony E, Cortet-Rudelli C, Viennet G, Bonneville JF, Assaker R, Auger C, Brue T, Cornelius A, Dufour H, Jouanneau E, François P, Galland F, Mougel F, Chapuis F, Villeneuve L, Maurage CA, Figarella-Branger D, Raverot G, Barlier A, Bernier M, Bonnet F, Borson-Chazot F, Brassier G, Caulet-Maugendre S, Chabre O, Chanson P, Cottier JF, Delemer B, Delgrange E, Di Tommaso L, Eimer S, Gaillard S, Jan M, Girard JJ, Lapras V, Loiseau H, Passagia JG, Patey M, Penfornis A, Poirier JY, Perrin G, Tabarin A (2013) HYPOPRONOS, m.o.: a new prognostic clinicopathological classification of pituitary adenomas: a multicentric case-control study of 410 patients with 8 years post-operative follow-up. Acta Neuropathol 126(1):123–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-013-1084-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Losa M, Mortini P, Barzaghi R, Ribotto P, Terreni MR, Marzoli SB, Pieralli S, Giovanelli M (2008) Early results of surgery in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma and analysis of the risk of tumor recurrence. J Neurosurg 108(3):525–532. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS/2008/108/3/0525

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Micko AS, Wöhrer A, Wolfsberger S, Knosp E (2015) Invasion of the cavernous sinus space in pituitary adenomas: endoscopic verification and its correlation with an MRI-based classification. J Neurosurg 122(4):803–811. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.JNS141083

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Knosp E, Steiner E, Kitz K, Matula C (1993) Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings. Neurosurgery 33(4):610–617 (discussion 617–618)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Saeger W, Petersenn S, Schöfl C, Knappe UJ, Theodoropoulou M, Buslei R, Honegger J (2016) Emerging histopathological and genetic parameters of pituitary adenomas: clinical impact and recommendation for future WHO classification. Endocr Pathol 27(2):115–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-016-9419-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Galland F, Lacroix L, Saulnier P, Dessen P, Meduri G, Bernier M, Gaillard S, Guibourdenche J, Fournier T, Evain-Brion D, Bidart JM, Chanson P (2010) Differential gene expression profiles of invasive and non-invasive non-functioning pituitary adenomas based on microarray analysis. Endocr Relat Cancer 17(2):361–371. https://doi.org/10.1677/ERC-10-0018ERC-10-0018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Yu SY, Hong LC, Feng J, Wu YT, Zhang YZ (2016) Integrative proteomics and transcriptomics identify novel invasive-related biomarkers of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Tumour Biol 37(7):8923–8930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4767-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Øystese KA, Evang JA, Bollerslev J (2016) Non-functioning pituitary adenomas: growth and aggressiveness. Endocrine 53(1):28–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-016-0940-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tanaka Y, Hongo K, Tada T, Sakai K, Kakizawa Y, Kobayashi S (2003) Growth pattern and rate in residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: correlations among tumor volume doubling time, patient age, and MIB-1 index. J Neurosurg 98(2):359–365. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.2.0359

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Monsalves E, Larjani S, Godoy LB, Juraschka K, Carvalho F, Kucharczyk W, Kulkarni A, Mete O, Gentili F, Ezzat S, Zadeh G (2014) Growth patterns of pituitary adenomas and histopathological correlates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(4):1330–1338. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3054

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chanson P, Raverot G, Castinetti F, Cortet-Rudelli C, Galland F, Salenave S (2015) Management of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol 76(3), 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2015.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Oystese KA, Casar-Borota O, Normann KR, Zucknick M, Berg JP, Bollerslev J (2017) Estrogen receptor alpha, a sex-dependent predictor of aggressiveness in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: SSTR and sex hormone receptor distribution in NFPA. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(9):3581–3590. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-00792

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bradley KJ, Wass JA, Turner HE (2003) Non-functioning pituitary adenomas with positive immunoreactivity for ACTH behave more aggressively than ACTH immunonegative tumours but do not recur more frequently. Clin Endocrinol 58(1):59–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cooper O (2015) Silent corticotroph adenomas. Pituitary 18(2):225–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-014-0624-3

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Langlois F, Lim DST, Varlamov E, Yedinak CG, Cetas JS, McCartney S, Dogan A, Fleseriu M (2017) Clinical profile of silent growth hormone pituitary adenomas; higher recurrence rate compared to silent gonadotroph pituitary tumors, a large single center experience. Endocrine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1447-6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chinezu L, Vasiljevic A, Trouillas J, Lapoirie M, Jouanneau E, Raverot G (2017) Silent somatotroph tumour revisited from a study of 80 patients with and without acromegaly and a review of the literature. Eur J Endocrinol 176(2):195–201. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0738

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Jouanneau E, Wierinckx A, Ducray F, Favrel V, Borson-Chazot F, Honnorat J, Trouillas J, Raverot G (2012) New targeted therapies in pituitary carcinoma resistant to temozolomide. Pituitary 15(1):37–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-011-0341-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Baldeweg SE, Pollock JR, Powell M, Ahlquist J (2005) A spectrum of behaviour in silent corticotroph pituitary adenomas. Br J Neurosurg 19(1):38–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688690500081230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Langlois F, Lim DST, Yedinak CG, Cetas I, McCartney S, Cetas J, Dogan A, Fleseriu M (2017) Predictors of silent corticotroph adenoma recurrence; a large retrospective single center study and systematic literature review. Pituitary. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-017-0844-4

    Google Scholar 

  38. Raverot G, Burman P, McCormack AI, Heaney AP, Petersenn S, Popovic V, Trouillas J, Dekkers O (2017) European society of endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas. Eur J Endocrinol. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0796

    Google Scholar 

  39. DeLellis RA (2004) Pathology and genetics of tumours of endocrine organs. IARC Press, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  40. De Caro MD, Solari D, Pagliuca F, Villa A, Guadagno E, Cavallo LM, Colao A, Pettinato G, Cappabianca P (2016) Atypical pituitary adenomas: clinical characteristics and role of ki-67 and p53 in prognostic and therapeutic evaluation. A series of 50 patients. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-016-0740-9

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yildirim AE, Divanlioglu D, Nacar OA, Dursun E, Sahinoglu M, Unal T, Belen AD (2013) Incidence, hormonal distribution and postoperative follow up of atypical pituitary adenomas. Turk Neurosurg 23(2):226–231. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.6828-12.1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Scheithauer BW, Gaffey TA, Lloyd RV, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Yapicier O, Young WF Jr, Meyer FB, Kuroki T, Riehle DL, Laws ER Jr (2006) Pathobiology of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. Neurosurgery 59(2):341–353 (discussion 341–353)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Zada G, Woodmansee WW, Ramkissoon S, Amadio J, Nose V, Laws ER Jr (2011) Atypical pituitary adenomas: incidence, clinical characteristics, and implications. J Neurosurg 114(2):336–344. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.8.JNS10290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Saeger W, Lüdecke DK, Buchfelder M, Fahlbusch R, Quabbe HJ, Petersenn S (2007) Pathohistological classification of pituitary tumors: 10 years of experience with the germain pituitary tumors registry. Eur J Endocrinol 156:203–216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Chiloiro S, Doglietto F, Trapasso B, Iacovazzo D, Giampietro A, Di Nardo F, de Waure C, Lauriola L, Mangiola A, Anile C, Maira G, De Marinis L, Bianchi A (2015) Typical and atypical pituitary adenomas: a single-center analysis of outcome and prognosis. Neuroendocrinology 101(2):143–150. https://doi.org/10.1159/000375448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Klöppel G, Rosai J (2017) Pathology and genetics of tumours of endocrine organs. World Health Organization classification of tumours, vol 4th. IARC press, Lyon

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kovacs K, Rotondo F, Horvath E, Syro LV, Di Ieva A, Cusimano MD, Munoz DG (2015) Letter to the editor. Endocr Pathol 26(1):93–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-014-9342-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ezzat S, Zheng L, Asa SL (2004) Pituitary tumor-derived fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 isoform disrupts neural cell-adhesion molecule/N-cadherin signaling to diminish cell adhesiveness: a mechanism underlying pituitary neoplasia. Mol Endocrinol 18(10):2543–2552. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0182me.2004-0182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Cornelius A, Cortet-Rudelli C, Assaker R, Kerdraon O, Gevaert MH, Prevot V, Lassalle P, Trouillas J, Delehedde M, Maurage CA (2012) Endothelial expression of endocan is strongly associated with tumor progression in pituitary adenoma. Brain Pathol. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00578.x

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Wierinckx A, Raverot G, Nazaret N, Jouanneau E, Auger C, Lachuer J, Trouillas J (2010) Proliferation markers of human pituitary tumors: contribution of a genome-wide transcriptome approach. Mol Cell Endocrinol 326(1–2):30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2010.02.043

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Wierinckx A, Roche M, Legras-Lachuer C, Trouillas J, Raverot G, Lachuer J (2017) MicroRNAs in pituitary tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 456:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Marko NF, Coughlan C, Weil RJ (2012) Towards an integrated molecular and clinical strategy to predict early recurrence in surgically resected non-functional pituitary adenomas. J Clin Neurosci 19(11):1535–1540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2012.01.038S0967-5868(12)00237-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Bi WL, Horowtiz P, Greenwald N, Abedalthagafi M, Agarwalla PK, Gibson WJ, Mei Y, Schumacher SE, Ben-David U, Chevalier A, Carter SL, Tiao G, Brastianos PK, Ligon AH, Ducar M, MacConaill LE, Laws ER, Santagata S, Beroukhim R, Dunn IF (2016) Landscape of genomic alterations in pituitary adenomas. Clin Cancer Res. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0790

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Feng J, Hong L, Wu Y, Li C, Wan H, Li G, Sun Y, Yu S, Chittiboina P, Montgomery B, Zhuang Z, Zhang Y (2014) Identification of a subtype-specific ENC1 gene related to invasiveness in human pituitary null cell adenoma and oncocytomas. J Neurooncol 119(2):307–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1479-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Matano F, Yoshida D, Ishii Y, Tahara S, Teramoto A, Morita A (2014) Endocan, a new invasion and angiogenesis marker of pituitary adenomas. J Neurooncol 117(3):485–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1377-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Delgrange E, Vasiljevic A, Wierinckx A, François P, Jouanneau E, Raverot G, Trouillas J (2015) Expression of estrogen receptor alpha is associated with prolactin pituitary tumor prognosis and supports the sex-related difference in tumor growth. Eur J Endocrinol 172(6):791–801. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-14-0990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Bi WL, Greenwald NF, Ramkissoon SH, Abedalthagafi M, Coy SM, Ligon KL, Mei Y, MacConaill L, Ducar M, Min L, Santagata S, Kaiser UB, Beroukhim R, Laws ER Jr, Dunn IF (2017) Clinical Identification of oncogenic drivers and copy-number alterations in pituitary tumors. Endocrinology 158(7):2284–2291. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1967

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Ministère de la Santé Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National No. 27-43 HYPOPRONOS, and the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National INCA No. 12-096 PITUIGENE.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Hypophysaires HYPO, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel-1er étage, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France

    Gerald Raverot

  2. Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Lyon 1, 69372, Lyon, France

    Gerald Raverot, Alexandre Vasiljevic & Emmanuel Jouanneau

  3. INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, 69372, Lyon, France

    Gerald Raverot, Alexandre Vasiljevic & Emmanuel Jouanneau

  4. Centre de Pathologie et de Biologie Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France

    Alexandre Vasiljevic

  5. Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France

    Emmanuel Jouanneau

Authors
  1. Gerald Raverot
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexandre Vasiljevic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Emmanuel Jouanneau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerald Raverot.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

G.R. has received research grants from Novartis Pharma and IPSEN; and speaker honorarium from Novartis Pharma and IPSEN. A.V. declares that he has no conflict of interest. E.J. has received speaker honorarium from Novartis Pharma.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Raverot, G., Vasiljevic, A. & Jouanneau, E. Prognostic factors of regrowth in nonfunctioning pituitary tumors. Pituitary 21, 176–182 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-017-0861-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-017-0861-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation