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PRKAR1A mutations in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease

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Abstract

Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD) is a rare primary bilateral adrenal defect causing corticotropin-independent Cushing’s syndrome. It occurs mainly in children and young adults. Macroscopic appearance of the adrenals is characteristic with small pigmented micronodules observed in the cortex. PPNAD is most often diagnosed in patients with Carney complex (CNC), but it can also be observed in patients without other manifestations or familial history (isolated PPNAD). The CNC is an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by the association of myxoma, spotty skin pigmentation and endocrine overactivity. One of the putative CNC genes has been identified as the gene of the regulatory R1A subunit of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A), located at 17q22-24. Germline heterozygous inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A have been reported in about 45% of patients with CNC, and up to 80% of CNC patients with Cushing’s syndrome due to PPNAD. Interestingly, such inactivating germline PRKAR1A mutations have also been found in patients with isolated PPNAD. The hot spot PRKAR1A mutation termed c.709[-7-2]del6 predisposes mostly to isolated PPNAD, and is the first clear genotype/phenotype correlation described for this gene. Somatic inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A have been observed in macronodules of PPNAD and in sporadic cortisol secreting adrenal adenomas. Isolated PPNAD is a genetic heterogenous disease, and recently inactivating mutations of the gene of the phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A4) located at 2q31–2q35 have been identified in patients without PRKAR1A mutations. Interestingly, both PRKAR1A and PDE11A gene products control the cAMP signaling pathway, which can be altered at various levels in endocrine tumors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM U567, Paris, France

    Laure Cazabat, Bruno Ragazzon, Lionel Groussin & Jérôme Bertherat

  2. Institut Cochin, Paris, France

    Laure Cazabat, Bruno Ragazzon, Lionel Groussin & Jérôme Bertherat

  3. CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France

    Laure Cazabat, Bruno Ragazzon, Lionel Groussin & Jérôme Bertherat

  4. Université Paris 5, Paris, France

    Lionel Groussin & Jérôme Bertherat

  5. Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France

    Jérôme Bertherat

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  1. Laure Cazabat
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  2. Bruno Ragazzon
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  3. Lionel Groussin
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  4. Jérôme Bertherat
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Correspondence to Jérôme Bertherat.

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Cazabat, L., Ragazzon, B., Groussin, L. et al. PRKAR1A mutations in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. Pituitary 9, 211–219 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-006-0266-1

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