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Metabolons involving plant cytochrome P450s

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Abstract

Arranging biological processes into “compartments” is a key feature of all eukaryotic cells. Through this mechanism, cells can drastically increase metabolic efficiency and manage complex cellular processes more efficiently, saving space and energy. Compartmentation at the molecular level is mediated by metabolons. A metabolon is an ordered protein complex of sequential metabolic enzymes and associated cellular structural elements. The sub-cellular organization of enzymes involved in the synthesis and storage of plant natural products appears to involve the anchoring of metabolons by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) to specific domains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This review focuses on the current evidence supporting the organization of metabolons around P450s on the surface of the ER. We␣outline direct and indirect experimental data that describes P450 enzymes in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, cyanogenic glucoside, and other biosynthetic pathways. We also discuss the limitations and future directions of metabolon research and the potential for application to metabolic engineering endeavors.

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Abbreviations

4CL:

4-Coumarate: CoA ligase

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

C4H:

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase

CHI:

Chalcone isomerase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CPR:

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase

DFR:

Dihydroflavonol reductase

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

F3H:

Flavanone 3β-hydroxylase

F3′H:

Flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase

F3′5′H:

Flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase

FLIM:

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

FRET:

Fluorescence energy resonance transfer

I2′H:

Isoflavone 2′-hydroxylase

IFS:

Isoflavone synthase

IOMT:

Isoflavone O-methyltransferase

P450:

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Joe Jez of the Danforth Center for the critical review of this manuscript and for many thoughtful discussions on the topic. The research in Dr. Yu’s lab is supported by the National Science Foundation (MCB0519634), United States Department of Agriculture (CSREES: 2005-05190), and Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council (02-242).

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  1. Sigma-Aldrich Biotechnology, Life Science and High Technology Center, 2909 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA

    Lyle Ralston

  2. Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA

    Oliver Yu

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Ralston, L., Yu, O. Metabolons involving plant cytochrome P450s. Phytochem Rev 5, 459–472 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-006-9014-4

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