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Utilization of leaf temperature for the selection of leaf gas-exchange traits to induce heat resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

Heat stress is a major production constraint of sunflower worldwide. Therefore, various populations (parental, F1, F2, F3, and plant progenies) of sunflower were screened for leaf gas-exchange traits with the objectives to formulate selection criteria of heat resistance and development of heat-resistant lines. Initial screening and F2 seeds exposed to heat stress (45°C) resulted in the development of an adapted F2 population that showed leaf gas-exchange and morphological traits better than the unadapted population. Correlation coefficients of traits were partitioned into direct and indirect effects via a path analysis technique to determine the cause of their relationship with a basic parameter such as a reproductive head mass (HM). Path analysis showed a positive direct effect of leaf temperature (Tleaf) (0.32) on HM and also an indirect effect (0.77) of the transpiration rate (E) on HM. Moreover, Tleaf showed high heritability estimates. Tleaf was used to select superior plants within the F2 population. This selection brought about an improvement in the net photosynthetic rate (P N) and E as it was indicated from progeny performance and realized heritability. Progenies selected on the basis of Tleaf also showed an increase in achene yield and heat resistance over unselected F3 progenies and a commercial hybrid.

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Abbreviations

C×B:

CM-207 × BF-88 cross

C×C:

CM-207 × CM-631 cross

DPH:

droopy plant height

E :

transpiration rate

g s :

stomatal conductance

HM:

head mass

LM:

leaf mass

NL:

number of leaves

P N :

net photosynthetic rate

SD:

stem diameter

SM:

stem mass

Tair :

ambient air temperature around leaf

Tleaf :

leaf temperature

WUE:

water-use efficiency

σ2E:

environmental variance

σ2G:

genotypic variance

σ2P:

phenotypic variance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ludhewali Jhal, University College of Agriculture, Risala No-5, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan

    T. Kalyar, S. Rauf, S. Haidar & Z. Iqbal

  2. Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Ikenobe, 2393, Kagawa-Ken, 761-0795, Japan

    J. A. Teixeira da Silva

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  1. T. Kalyar
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  2. S. Rauf
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  3. J. A. Teixeira da Silva
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  4. S. Haidar
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  5. Z. Iqbal
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Correspondence to S. Rauf.

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Kalyar, T., Rauf, S., Teixeira da Silva, J.A. et al. Utilization of leaf temperature for the selection of leaf gas-exchange traits to induce heat resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Photosynthetica 51, 419–428 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0038-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0038-x

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