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Confounding the Divine and the Spiritual: Challenges to a Psychology of Spirituality

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Abstract

The pervasive inclusion of God or “God-substitutes” (the “sacred,” the “supernatural,” the “ultimate”) in the psychology of spirituality prevents the development of a truly psychological understanding. Misidentification of the spiritual with the divine projects the determinants of spirituality into a non-human, vaguely defined, ultimately intractable, and non-falsifiable realm. Two other difficulties follow: confusion about the essential nature of spirituality and indeterminacy regarding criteria to adjudicate true and false spiritualities. These three intertwined issues represent unavoidable challenges for the social sciences in general and psychology in particular. Building on the work of Bernard Lonergan, invoking the thought of Viktor Frankl, and citing long-standing Western theological and philosophical principles, this article elucidates these challenges and intimates a response, an explanatory and normative non-theological psychology of spirituality, which is open to theological elaboration.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to Prof. Marvin J. McDonald, PhD, Trinity Western University, and the International Network on Personal Meaning for the lecturing invitation that led to the production of this paper.

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    Daniel A. Helminiak

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Helminiak, D.A. Confounding the Divine and the Spiritual: Challenges to a Psychology of Spirituality. Pastoral Psychol 57, 161–182 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-008-0163-9

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