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The Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Atmospheres

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Abstract

The cyclic oxidation of a variety of chromia-forming ferritic stainless steels has been studied in the temperature range 700–900°C in atmospheres relevant to solid-oxide fuel-cell operation. The most detrimental environment at 800°C and 900°C was found to be air with 10% water vapor. This resulted in excessive oxide spallation or rapid scale growth. Impurities in the alloys, particularly Al and Si, were found to have a significant effect on the oxidation behavior. Oxide growth was slow at 700°C but the higher-Cr-content alloys were observed to form sigma-phase at this temperature. The sigma phase formation was accelerated by higher silicon contents, and remarkably, by the presence of water vapor in the exposure environment. Alloys containing Mn were observed to form an outer layer of MnCr2O4 over the chromia scale. The potential for this overlayer to suppress reactive evaporation of the chromia scales has been analyzed.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support of this research by the U. S. Department of Energy through SECA Award No. DE-FC26-02NT41578 and contributions of alloys by P. Singh and Z. Yang (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), J. Rakowski (ATI Allegheny Ludlum), and J. Quadakkers (Research Center – Jülich) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    J. E. Hammer, S. J. Laney, R. W. Jackson, K. Coyne, F. S. Pettit & G. H. Meier

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  1. J. E. Hammer
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  2. S. J. Laney
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  3. R. W. Jackson
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  4. K. Coyne
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  5. F. S. Pettit
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  6. G. H. Meier
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Correspondence to F. S. Pettit.

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Hammer, J.E., Laney, S.J., Jackson, R.W. et al. The Oxidation of Ferritic Stainless Steels in Simulated Solid-Oxide Fuel-Cell Atmospheres. Oxid Met 67, 1–38 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-006-9041-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-006-9041-y

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