Abstract
Using 808 nm NIR Laser, a cost effective FSO communication channel has been established. Scintillation, the phenomenon, which is produced by the heating effect, affects the FSO communication channel severely. As a result, the communication channel performance has degraded. For investigation the scintillation effect upon the 808 nm FSO link, a 40 ft. artificial chamber has been made for scintillation simulation in the laboratory. From very high to low scintillation effect has been created in the artificial chamber, and a 10 MHz On–Off Keying modulated optical signal has been taken for testing. The optical power attenuation, the real time eye pattern has been measured for different types of scintillation effect. Applying the aperture averaging scheme, a significant amount of optical power attenuation has been reduced, as a result, the value of signal to noise ratio (SNR) has been increased and the channel performance has been improved significantly.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Notes
Noise equivalent Power, Whitepaper, Thorlabs, Verena (2015).
References
Andrew, L.C., Phillips, R.L., Hopen, C.Y.: Laser beam scintillation with applications. SPIE, Bellinghan, WA (2001)
Ghassemlooy, Z., Popoola, W., Rajbhandari, S.: Optical wireless communications. CRC Press, New York (2012)
Kaur, P., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Effect of atmospheric conditions and aperture averaging on capacity of free space optical links. Opt. Quantum Electron. 46, 1139–1148 (2013)
Kaur, P., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Performance analysis of FSO array receivers in presence of atmospheric turbulence. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26, 1165–1168 (2014)
Kaur, P., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Comparison of aperture averaging and receiver diversity techniques for free space optical links in presence of turbulence and various weather conditions. J. Opt. Commun. 35(4), 319–326 (2014)
Kaushal, H., Kumar, V., Dutta, A., Aennam, H., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Experimental study on beam wander under varying atmosphere turbulence conditions. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 23(22), 1691–1693 (2011)
Le-Minh, H., Ghassemlooy, Z., Ijaz, M., Rajbhandari, S., Adebanjo, O., Ansari, S., Leitgeb, E.: Experimental study of bit error rate of free space optics communications in laboratoty controlled turbulence. In: IEEE Globecom (2010)
Majumdar, A.K., Riclkin, J.C.: Free space laser communications: principles and advances. Springer, Verlag (2007)
Mandal, S.K., Bera, B., Dutta, G.G.: Free space optical (FSO) communication link design under adverse weather condition. In: International conference on computer, electrical & communication engineering (ICCECE) (2020)
Muhammad, S.S., Kohldorfer, P., Leitgeb, E.: Channel modelling for terrestrial free space optical links. In: Proceedings of 2005 7th international conference transparent optical networks (2005)
Navidpour, S.M., Uysal, M., Kavehrad, M.: BER performance of free space optical transmission with spatial diversity. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 6(8), 2813–2819 (2007)
Nazari, Z., Gholami, A., Vali, Z., Sedghi, M., Ghassemlooy Z.: Experimental investigation of scintillation effect on FSO Channel. In: Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE) (2016)
Noise equivalent Power, Whitepaper, Thorlabs, Verena (2015)
Popoola, W.O., Ghassemlooy, Z., Lee, C.G., Boucouvalas, A.C.: Scintillation effect on intensity modulated laser communication systems-a laboratory demonstration. Opt. Laser. Technol. 42, 682–692 (2010)
Priyanka, M.L., Singh, M., Gill, H.S., Kaur, S.: An experimental evaluation of link outage due to beam wander in a turbulent FSO link. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 113, 2403–2414 (2020)
Qiang, X., Li, Y., Zong, F., Zhao, J.: Measurement of laboratory-simulated atmospheric turbulence by PSD”, In: 9th International conference on electronic measurement & instruments (2009)
Sarkar, T.S., Sinha, B., Mukherjee, S., Joardar, I., Mazumdar S.: Development of an FPGA based indoor free space optical (FSO) communication system using 808 nm Infrared (IR) LASER source. In: IEEE Calcutta conference (CALCON) (2020)
Shah, S.M.A., Latiff, M.S.A., Riaz, T.: Performance measurement of Free-Space Optical 980 nm channel using multiple sets of environmental conditions. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 85, 345–357 (2015)
Viswanath, A., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Aperture averaging and receiver diversity for FSO downlink in presence of atmospheric turbulence and weather conditions for OOK, M-PPM and M-DPPM schemes. Opt. Quantum Electron. 48, 1–20 (2016)
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by SMu, SP and SMa. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SMu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Ethical approval
This declaration is “not applicable”.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Mukherjee, S., Paul, S. & Mazumdar, S. A cost effective FSO communication link using 808 nm laser and its performance analysis in simulated temperature conditions. Opt Quant Electron 55, 504 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04780-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04780-2