Abstract
In this paper, binary photonic crystal with a quasi-periodic sequence is investigated. A Fibonacci sequence of gyroidal graphene and porous silicon terminated by the gyroidal layer is proposed as a refractive index sensor. The refractive index or concentration of an analyte can be predicted based on the resonant dip of Tamm plasmon. The excellent optical properties of porous silicon and gyroidal graphene will contribute to enhancing the performance of the proposed sensor. The impact of various geometric parameters is investigated. Compared with the similar structure of periodic photonic crystals, the sensitivity and figure of merit enhanced from 188.8 to 1347.7 THz/RIU (higher 614%) and from 355,384 to 554,405/RIU (higher 56%), respectively. The high-performance results imply that the suggested Fibonacci sensor is suitable for gas detection and bio-sensing applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
Requests for materials should be addressed to Zaky A. Zaky.
References
Abd El-Ghany, S.E., Noum, W.M., Matar, Z., Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Optimized bio-photonic sensor using 1D-photonic crystals as a blood hemoglobin sensor. Phys. Scr. 96, 035501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/abd49c
Abueidda, D.W., Elhebeary, M., Shiang, C.-S.A., Pang, S., Al-Rub, R.K.A., Jasiuk, I.M.: Mechanical properties of 3D printed polymeric Gyroid cellular structures: experimental and finite element study. Mater. Des. 165, 107597 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107597
Ahmed, A.M., Shaban, M., Aly, A.H.: Electro-optical tenability properties of defective one-dimensional photonic crystal. Optik 145, 121–129 (2017)
Aly, A.H., Sayed, H.: Enhancement of the solar cell based on nanophotonic crystals. J. Nanophotonics 11, 046020 (2017)
Aly, A.H., Zaky, Z.A.: Ultra-sensitive photonic crystal cancer cells sensor with a high-quality factor. Cryogenics 104, 102991 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.102991
Aly, A.H., Zaky, Z.A., Shalaby, A.S., Ahmed, A.M., Vigneswaran, D.: Theoretical study of hybrid multifunctional one-dimensional photonic crystal as a flexible blood sugar sensor. Phys. Scr. 95, 035510 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab53f5
Aly, A.H., Mohamed, D., Zaky, Z.A., Matar, Z.S., Abd El-Gawaad, N.S., Shalaby, A.S., et al.: Novel biosensor detection of tuberculosis based on photonic band gap materials. Mater. Res. Ibero Am. J. Mater. 24, e20200483 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0483
Aly, A.H., Awasthi, S., Mohamed, A., Matar, Z., Mohaseb, M., Al-Dossari, M., et al.: Detection of reproductive hormones in females by using 1D photonic crystal-based simple reconfigurable biosensing design. Crystals 11, 1533 (2021b). https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11121533
Auguié, B., Fuertes, M.C., Angelomé, P.C., Abdala, N.L., Soler-Illia, G.J., Fainstein, A.: Tamm plasmon resonance in mesoporous multilayers: toward a sensing application. ACS Photon. 1, 775–780 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ph5001549
Ayyanar, N., Raja, G.T., Sharma, M., Kumar, D.S.: Photonic crystal fiber-based refractive index sensor for early detection of cancer. IEEE Sens. J. 18, 7093–7099 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2854375
Bikbaev, R.G., Vetrov, S.Y., Timofeev, I.V.: Optical Tamm states at the interface between a photonic crystal and a gyroid layer. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 34, 2198–2202 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.34.002198
Bludov, Y.V., Ferreira, A., Peres, N.M., Vasilevskiy, M.I.: A primer on surface plasmon-polaritons in graphene. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 27, 1341001 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979213410014
Born, M., Wolf, E.: Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2013)
Cebo, T., Aria, A.I., Dolan, J.A., Weatherup, R.S., Nakanishi, K., Kidambi, P.R., et al.: Chemical vapour deposition of freestanding sub-60 nm graphene gyroids. Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 253103 (2017)
Farah, P., Demetriadou, A., Salvatore, S., Vignolini, S., Stefik, M., Wiesner, U., et al.: Ultrafast nonlinear response of gold gyroid three-dimensional metamaterials. Phys. Rev. Appl. 2, 044002 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.2.044002
Feng, Z., Li, Y., Xin, C., Tang, D., Xiong, W., Zhang, H.: Fabrication of graphene-reinforced nanocomposites with improved fracture toughness in net shape for complex 3D structures via digital light processing. C J Carbon Res 5, 25 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/c5020025
Gellermann, W., Kohmoto, M., Sutherland, B., Taylor, P.: Localization of light waves in Fibonacci dielectric multilayers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 633–636 (1994)
He, Z., Cui, W., Ren, X., Li, C., Li, Z., Xue, W., et al.: Ultra-high sensitivity sensing based on tunable plasmon-induced transparency in graphene metamaterials in terahertz. Opt. Mater. 108, 110221 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110221
Hensleigh, R.M., Cui, H., Oakdale, J.S., Jianchao, C.Y., Campbell, P.G., Duoss, E.B., et al.: Additive manufacturing of complex micro-architected graphene aerogels. Mater. Horiz. 5, 1035–1041 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8MH00668G
Huang, X., Cao, M., Wang, D., Li, X., Fan, J., Li, X.: Broadband polarization-insensitive and oblique-incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber with multi-layered graphene. Opt. Mater. Express 12, 811–822 (2022)
Jung, G.S., Yeo, J., Tian, Z., Qin, Z., Buehler, M.J.: Unusually low and density-insensitive thermal conductivity of three-dimensional gyroid graphene. Nanoscale 9, 13477–13484 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR04455K
Katsidis, C.C., Siapkas, D.I.: General transfer-matrix method for optical multilayer systems with coherent, partially coherent, and incoherent interference. Appl. Opt. 41, 3978–3987 (2002)
Keshavarz, M.M., Alighanbari, A.: Terahertz refractive index sensor based on Tamm plasmon-polaritons with graphene. Appl. Opt. 58, 3604–3612 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.003604
Li, Z., Peng, X., Hu, G., Zhang, D., Xu, Z., Peng, Y., et al.: Towards real-time self-powered sensing with ample redundant charges by a piezostack-based frequency-converted generator from human motions. Energy Convers. Manage. 258, 115466 (2022)
Liu, K., Chen, Y.-M., Policastro, G.M., Becker, M.L., Zhu, Y.: Three-dimensional bicontinuous graphene monolith from polymer templates. ACS Nano 9, 6041–6049 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b01006
Lu, C., Zhou, H., Li, L., Yang, A., Xu, C., Ou, Z., et al.: Split-core magnetoelectric current sensor and wireless current measurement application. Measurement 188, 110527 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110527
Luo, G., Zhang, Q., Li, M., Chen, K., Zhou, W., Luo, Y., et al.: A flexible electrostatic nanogenerator and self-powered capacitive sensor based on electrospun polystyrene mats and graphene oxide films. Nanotechnology 32, 405402 (2021)
Lv, Z., Chen, D., Feng, H., Wei, W., Lv, H.: Artificial intelligence in underwater digital twins sensor networks. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. (TOSN) 18, 1–27 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1145/3519301
Ma, S., Tang, Q., Feng, Q., Song, J., Han, X., Guo, F.: Mechanical behaviours and mass transport properties of bone-mimicking scaffolds consisted of gyroid structures manufactured using selective laser melting. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 93, 158–169 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.023
Meradi, K.A., Tayeboun, F., Guerinik, A., Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Optical biosensor based on enhanced surface plasmon resonance: theoretical optimization. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 1–11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03504-8
Nakanishi, K., Labonte, D., Cebo, T., Veigang-Radulescu, V.P., Fan, Y., Brennan, B., et al.: Mechanical properties of the hollow-wall graphene gyroid lattice. Acta Mater. 201, 254–265 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.09.077
Panda, A., Devi, P.P.: Photonic crystal biosensor for refractive index based cancerous cell detection. Opt. Fiber Technol. 54, 102123 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.102123
Pandey, J.: Fibonacci quasiperiodic multilayers with internal symmetry. IOSR J Appl Phys (IOSR-JAP) 9, 59–63 (2017)
Prayakarao, S., Robbins, S., Kinsey, N., Boltasseva, A., Shalaev, V., Wiesner, U., et al.: Gyroidal titanium nitride as nonmetallic metamaterial. Opt. Mater. Express 5, 1316–1322 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.5.001316
Rezagholizadeh, E., Biabanifard, M., Borzooei, S.: Analytical design of tunable THz refractive index sensor for TE and TM modes using graphene disks. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 53, 295107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab85e6
Salem, M., Sailor, M., Harraz, F., Sakka, T., Ogata, Y.: Electrochemical stabilization of porous silicon multilayers for sensing various chemical compounds. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 083520 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2360389
Sheng, H., Cong, R., Yang, D., Chen, R., Wang, S., Cui, Z.: UrbanLF: A comprehensive light field dataset for semantic segmentation of urban scenes. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2022.3187664
Shukla, M.K., Das, R.: Tamm-plasmon polaritons in one-dimensional photonic quasi-crystals. Opt. Lett. 43, 362–365 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.000362
Steurer, W., Sutter-Widmer, D.: Photonic and phononic quasicrystals. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40, R229–R247 (2007)
Tammam, M.T., Zaky, Z.A., Sharma, A., Matar, Z.S., Aly, A., Mohaseb, M.A.: Defected photonic crystal array using porous GaN as malaria sensor. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1171, 012005 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1171/1/012005
Turner, M.D., Saba, M., Zhang, Q., Cumming, B.P., Schröder-Turk, G.E., Gu, M.: Miniature chiral beamsplitter based on gyroid photonic crystals. Nat. Photon. 7, 801–805 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.233
Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Xu, S., Wang, L., Cao, Z., Zhan, P., et al.: 1D partially oxidized porous silicon photonic crystal reflector for mid-infrared application. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40, 4482–4484 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/15/016
Yablonovitch, E.: Photonic crystals: semiconductors of light. Sci. Am. 285, 46–55 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1201-46
Yablonovitch, E., Gmitter, T.: Photonic band structure: the face-centered-cubic case. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1950–1953 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1950
Ye, Y., Xie, M., Tang, J., Ouyang, J.: Highly sensitive and tunable terahertz biosensor based on optical Tamm states in graphene-based Bragg reflector. Results Phys. 15, 102779 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102779
Yeh, P.: Optical Waves in Layered Media. Wiley, New York (1988)
Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Theoretical study of a tunable low-temperature photonic crystal sensor using dielectric-superconductor nanocomposite layers. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 33, 2983–2990 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05584-1
Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Highly sensitive salinity and temperature sensor using Tamm resonance. Plasmonics 16, 2315–2325 (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01487-6
Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Gyroidal graphene/porous silicon array for exciting optical Tamm state as optical sensor. Sci. Rep. 11, 19389 (2021b). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98305-0
Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Modeling of a biosensor using Tamm resonance excited by graphene. Appl. Opt. 60, 1411–1419 (2021c). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.412896
Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H.: Novel smart window using photonic crystal for energy saving. Sci. Rep. 12, 1–9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14196-9
Zaky, Z.A., Ahmed, A.M., Shalaby, A.S., Aly, A.H.: Refractive index gas sensor based on the Tamm state in a one-dimensional photonic crystal: theoretical optimisation. Sci. Rep. 10, 9736 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66427-6
Zaky, Z.A., Aly, A.H., Moustafa, B.: Plasma cell sensor using photonic crystal cavity. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 591 (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03201-6
Zaky, Z.A., Ahmed, A.M., Aly, A.H.: Remote temperature sensor based on tamm resonance. Silicon 14, 2765–2777 (2021b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01064-w
Zaky, Z.A., Sharma, A., Alamri, S., Saleh, N., Aly, A.H.: Detection of fat concentration in milk using ternary photonic crystal. Silicon 14, 6063–6073 (2021c). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01379-8
Zaky, Z.A., Sharma, A., Aly, A.H.: Tamm plasmon polariton as refractive index sensor excited by Gyroid metals/porous Ta2O5 photonic crystal. Plasmonics 17, 681–691 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01559-7
Zaky, Z.A., Sharma, A., Aly, A.H.: Gyroidal graphene for exciting Tamm plasmon polariton as refractive index sensor: theoretical study. Opt. Mater. 122, 111684 (2021e). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111684
Zaky, Z.A., Sharma, A., Alamri, S., Aly, A.H.: Theoretical evaluation of the refractive index sensing capability using the coupling of Tamm-Fano resonance in one-dimensional photonic crystals. Appl. Nanosci. 11, 2261–2270 (2021f). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01965-7
Zaky, Z.A., Panda, A., Pukhrambam, P.D., Aly, A.H.: The impact of magnetized cold plasma and its various properties in sensing applications. Sci. Rep. 12, 3754 (2022a). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07461-4
Zaky, Z.A., Alamri, S., Zhaketov, V., Aly, A.H.: Refractive index sensor with magnified resonant signal. Sci. Rep. 12, 13777 (2022b). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17676-0
Zaky, Z.A., Hanafy, H., Panda, A., Pukhrambam, P.D., Aly, A.H.: Design and analysis of gas sensor using tailorable Fano resonance by coupling between Tamm and defected mode resonance. Plasmonics (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-022-01699-4
Zaky, Z.A., Al-Dossari, M., Matar, Z., Aly, A.H.: Effect of geometrical and physical properties of cantor structure for gas sensing applications. Synth. Met. 291, 117167 (2022d). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117167
Zaky, Z.A., Singh, M.R., Aly, A.H.: Tamm resonance excited by different metals and graphene. Photon. Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 49, 100995 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2022.100995
Zaky, Z.A., Amer, H.A., Suthar, B., Aly, A.H.: Gas sensing applications using magnetized cold plasma multilayers. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 217 (2022f). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03594-y
Acknowledgement
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the large Groups Project under Grant number RGP. 2/38/43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
ZAZ corresponding author invented the original idea of the study, implemented the computer code, performed the numerical simulations, analyzed the data, wrote and revised the main manuscript text. MA-D discussed the results and supervised this work. EIZ discussed the results and supervised this work. AHA reviewed, edited, discussed the results, and supervised this work. All authors developed the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Ethics approval
This article does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zaky, Z.A., Al-Dossari, M., Zohny, E.I. et al. Refractive index sensor using Fibonacci sequence of gyroidal graphene and porous silicon based on Tamm plasmon polariton. Opt Quant Electron 55, 6 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04262-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04262-x