Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Original architecture of an efficient all-optical 2 × 4 photonic crystals decoder based on nonlinear ring resonators

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we have presented an efficient original architecture of all-optical 2 × 4 photonic crystal decoder based on non-linear ring resonators. The fundamental structure is a square lattice of 2D GaAs rods, operating around the wavelength 1.55 µm. The proposed decoder is composed of a combiner with three input ports, where the port E is used for excitation and A1, A2 are the control ports, and an optical switch with four output ports, and it is a nonlinear DMEX. For the creation of a switch at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, we used nonlinear chalcogenide glass rods with a nonlinear Kerr coefficient equal to 9 × 10–17 m2/w. The switching intensity and structure size are 1 Kw/µm2, 27.12 µm × 17.96 µm, respectively. The contrast ratio is about 8.7. The maximum crosstalk and insertion losses are calculated to be about − 22.1 and − 4.5 dB. The maximum and minimum power levels for logic states 0 and 1 are 0.05 × P0 and 0.37 × P0 where P0 is the input power. The finite element method was used to perform the necessary calculations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S., Mehdizadeh, F.: All optical NOR and NAND gate based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Optik 125(19), 5701–5704 (2014a)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F., Serajmohammadi, S., Kashtiban, M.H.: A 2×4 all optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. J. Mod. Opt. 62(6), 430–434 (2014b)

    ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Askarian, A.: Design and analysis of all optical 2 × 4 decoder based on Kerr effect and beams interference procedure. Opt. Quantum Electron. 53, 291 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Askarian, A., Akbarizadeh, G.: A novel proposal for all optical 2 × 4 decoder based on photonic crystal and threshold switching method. Opt. Quantum Electron. 54, 84 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  • Assefa, S., Rakich, P.T., Bienstman, P., Johnson, S.G., Petrich, G.S., Joannopoulos, J.D., Kolodziejski, L.A., Ippen, E.P., Smith, H.I.: Guiding 1.5 µm light in photonic crystals based on dielectric rods. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(25), 6110–6112 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Badaoui, H., Feham, M., Abri, M.: Photonic-crystal band-pass resonant filters design using the two-dimensional FDTD method. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues 7(3), 127–132 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaker, H., Badaoui, H., Abri, M., Benadla, I.: Efficient synthesis of dual-band selective filters using evolutionary methods in a 1D photonic crystal slab for near-infrared applications. J. Comput. Electron. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-019-01439-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Daghooghi, T., Soroosh, M., Ansari-Asl, K.: A low-power all optical decoder based on photonic crystal nonlinear ring resonators. Optik 174, 400–408 (2018a)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Daghooghi, T., Soroosh, M., Ansari-Asl, K.: A novel proposal for all-optical decoder based on photonic crystals. Photon. Netw. Commun 35, 335–341 (2018b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Delphi, G., Olyaee, S., Seifouri, M., Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, A.: Design of an add filter and a 2-channel optical demultiplexer with high-quality factor based on nano-ring resonator. J. Comput. Electron. 18(4), 1372–1378 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Farah, L., Hadjira, A.B., Mehadji, A.: A novel 1.31 µm narrow-band TE mode filter design based on PBG shift in 2D photonic crystal slab. Photon. Lett. Pol. 8(3), 82–84 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedaouche, A., Abri Badaoui, H., Abri, M.: Ultra highly efficient 1×3 and 1×6 splitters for terahertz communication applications. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 28(13), 1434–1437 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedaouche, A., Badaoui, H.A., Abri, M.: An ultra-compact 1 × 5 and 1 × 10 beam-splitters in photonic crystal slab. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 157, 1300–1305 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fibich, G., Gaeta, A.L.: Critical power for self-focusing in bulk media and in hallow waveguides. Opt. Lett. 25, 335–337 (2000)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gholamnejad, S., Zavvari, M.: Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal. Opt. Quantum Electron. 49(302), 1–12 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, L., Jia, W., Zheng, G., Li, X.: Design and fabrication of rod-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs with large high-order bandgaps in near-infrared wavelengths. Opt. Lett. 37(9), 1424–1426 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, S., Singh, L., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Design of plasmonic half-adder and half-subtractor circuits employing nonlinear effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometer. J. Comput. Electron. 16, 139–147 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, L.: The challenge ahead for laser micro, micro, and nano manufacturing. In: Lawrence, J., Pou, J, Low, D. K. Y. and Toyserkani, E. (eds.) Advances in Laser Processing, Technology, Research and Application. Woodhead Publishing Series in Welding and Other Joining Technologies, ublished in North America by CRC Press LLC 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 3487, USA pp. 20–39 (2010)

  • Maleki, M.J., Soroosh, M., Mir, A.: Improving the performance of 2-to-4 optical decoders based on photonic crystal structures. Curr. Comput.-Aided Drug Des. 9, 635 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: A novel proposal for optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 48, 20 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S.: Study the role of non-linear resonant cavities in photonic crystal-based decoder switches. J. Mod. Opt. 64(13), 1–7 (2017a)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H., Farshidi, E.: A novel proposal for all optical analog-to-digital converter based on photonic crystal structures. IEEE Photon. J 9(2), 1–11 (2017b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H., Farshidi, E.: All optical 2-bit analog to digital converter using photonic crystal based cavities. Opt. Quantum Electron. 49(38), 1–11 (2017c)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S.: All optical 1 to 2 decoder based on photonic crystal ring resonator. J. Optoelectron. Nanostruct. 2(2), 1–10 (2017d)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeha, F., Soroosha, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: An optical demultiplexer based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Optik 127(20), 8706–8709 (2016)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mokhtari, L., Badaoui, H.A., Abri, M., Abdelbasset, M., Lallam, F., Rahmi, B.: Proposal of a new efficient OR/XOR logic gates and all-optical nonlinear switch in 2D photonic crystal lattices. Prog. Electromagn. Res. C 106, 187–197 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moniem, T.A.: All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators. J. Mod. Opt. 63(8), 735–741 (2016)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Moungar, A., Badaoui, H., Abri, M.: 16-channels wavelength efficient demultiplexing around 1.31/1.55m in 2D photonic crystal slab. Optik 193, 162685 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Naghizade, S., Sattari-Esfahlan, S.M.: Tunable high performance 16-channel demultiplexer on 2D photonic crystal ring resonator operating at telecom wavelengths. J. Opt. Commun. 41(3), 249–256 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Neisy, M., Soroosh, M., Ansari-Asl, K.: All optical half adder based on photonic crystal resonant cavities. Photon. Netw. Commun. 35, 245–250 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pal, A., Kumar, S., Sharma, S.: Design of optical seven-segment decoder using Pockel’s effect inside lithium niobate-based waveguide. Opt. Eng. 56(1), 017103 (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, A., Kumar, S., Sharma, S.: Design of optical decoder circuits using electro-optic effect inside Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high-speed communication. Photon. Netw. Commun. 35, 79–89 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Parandin, F., Mehdi Karkhanehchi, M., Naseri, M., Zahedi, A.: Design of a high bitrate optical decoder based on photonic crystals. J. Comput. Electron. 17, 830–836 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, V., Chack, D., Kumar, S.: Propagation study of Y-junction optical splitter using BPM. In: 2012 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, pp. 625–629 (2012)

  • Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, S.: Eigenvalue equation for an asymmetric left-handed metamaterial planar slab optical waveguide. Indian J. Phys. 87, 803–807 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmani, A., Mehdizadeh, F.: Application of nonlinear PhCRRs in realizing all optical half-adder. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50, 1–10 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostamizadeh, A., Taghizadeh, M., Jamali, J., Andalib, A.: Ultra-fast all optical decoder using photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, 105 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Serajmohammadi, S., Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: All optical decoder switch based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 1109–1115 (2015)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Sharifi, H., Hamidi, S.M., Navi, K.: All-optical photonic crystal logic gates using nonlinear directional coupler. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 27, 55–63 (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, L., Bedi, A., Kumar, S.: Modeling of all-optical 3×8 line decoder using optical Kerr effect in plasmonic metal insulator-metal waveguides. In: Schröder, H., Chen, R.T. (eds.) Optical Interconnects XVII, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 10109, p. 1010919 (2017).

  • Skauli, T., Kuo, P.S., Vodopyanov, K.L., Pinguet, T.J., Levi, O., Eyres, L.A., Harris, J.S., Fejer, M.M., Gerard, B., Becouarn, L., Lallier, E.: Improved dispersion relations for GaAs and applications to nonlinear optics. J. Appl. Phys. 94(10), 6447–6455 (2003)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, D., Li, J., Wang, Y.: Photonic crystal terahertz wave logic AND-XOR gate. Laser Phys. 30(1), 016208 (2019)

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ye, J.-Y., Matsuo, S., Mizeikis, V., Misawa, H.: Silicon-based honeycomb photonic crystal structures with complete photonic band gap at 1.5 mm wavelength. J. Appl. Phys. 96(11), 6934–6936 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. STIC Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

    Bachir Rahmi, Hadjira Badaoui & Mehadji Abri

Authors
  1. Bachir Rahmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hadjira Badaoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mehadji Abri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hadjira Badaoui.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Due to the nature of this research, participants of this research did not agree for their data to be shared publicly, so supporting data is not available.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rahmi, B., Badaoui, H. & Abri, M. Original architecture of an efficient all-optical 2 × 4 photonic crystals decoder based on nonlinear ring resonators. Opt Quant Electron 54, 676 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04110-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04110-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation