Abstract
Entanglement is a random phenomenon that is instantly synchronized, regardless of the space that mediates between entangled particles. However, the instantaneous transmission of information using entanglement is impossible. This is because the instantaneity in the synchronization of non-local outcomes as a consequence of quantum measurement (after the distribution of the entangled pairs) cannot be used for an entanglement-based communication system to transmit information instantaneously. This impossibility stems from the following two reasons: (a) the difficulty of controlling non-local outcomes through local actions without the intervention of an auxiliary channel (classical), and (b) regardless of the previous point, no communication system based on entanglement can be instantaneous due to the distribution of an entangled pair at relativistic speeds, necessary to generate the quantum channel, each time a qubit must be transmitted. Three simple experiments help to clarify this controversial point. In fact, this study establishes what is truly responsible for the impossibility to transmit information instantaneously of any communication system based on entanglement. In this respect, functional models of the internal behavior of quantum measurement, and entanglement were developed, which allow analyzing the instantaneity post-distribution of entangled particles, before and after a quantum measurement, as well as the randomness in the results obtained from a quantum measurement of the entanglement. In this sense, this study establishes a debate about three possible responsible for the aforementioned randomness: the quantum measurement itself, entanglement, and the human intervention. Finally, homology between the entanglement and the double-slit experiment is presented.
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Data availability
The experimental data that support the findings of this study are available in ResearchGate with the identifier https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36266.13766.
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M. Mastriani thanks the staff of the Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences at Florida International University for all their help and support.
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Mastriani, M. How can a random phenomenon between particles be synchronized instantaneously and independently of the distance between said particles?. Opt Quant Electron 54, 235 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03590-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03590-2