Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Managing Brillouin frequency spacing for temperature measurement with Brillouin fiber laser sensor

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Managing Brillouin frequency spacing for temperature measurement with Brillouin fiber laser sensor is proposed and demonstrated. By managing Stokes light wave resonance of different orders, Brillouin lasers with different Brillouin frequency spacing are obtained. In the absence of EDFA, using an optical coupler with 5 km SMF, only the 1st-order (S1) with single frequency shift circulates in the ring. Using a three-port optical circulator with 5 km SMF and adding EDFA, only the 2nd-order (S2) with double frequency shift is in the ring. When the three-port circulator is replaced with a four-port, fiber under test 1 (FUT1) with 10 km SMF and FUT2 with 5 km SMF are used as Brillouin gain medium and generate the 3rd-order Stokes (S3) with triple frequency shift. Temperature is measured directly by beat frequencies between the pump and the 1st-order, 2nd-order, 3rd-order Stokes. About 1.036 MHz/°C, 2.006 MHz/°C and 3.104 MHz/°C sensitivity are consistent with the theoretical value and ± 0.05 dB power fluctuation and 0.2 °C temperature stability keep the same with the previously reported results. It is expected to be widely used in the field of fiber optic sensing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ablowitz, M.J., Hirooka, T.R.: Managing nonlinearity in strongly dispersion-managed optical pulse transmission. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19(3), 425–439 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Iezzi, V.L., Loranger, S., Kashyap, R.: High sensitivity distributed temperature fiber sensor using stimulated Brillouin scattering. Opt. Express 25(26), 32591–32601 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Iezzi, V.L., Loranger, S., Marois, M., Kashyap, R.: High-sensitivity temperature sensing using higher-order stokes stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber. Opt. Lett. 39(4), 857–860 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Y., Zi, Y., Bai, G., Tian, J.R.: All-optical microwave oscillator based on semiconductor optical amplifier and stimulated Brillouin scattering. Opt. Lett. 43(8), 1774–77 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurashima, T., Horiguchi, T., Ohno, H., Izumita, H.: Strain and temperature characteristics of Brillouin spectra in optical fibers for distributed sensing techniques. In: 24th Eu-ropean Conference on Optical Communication. ECOC’98 (IEEE Cat. No. 98TH8398), vol. 1, pp. 149–150. IEEE (1998)

  • Li, J., Lee, H., Vahala, K.J.: Microwave synthesizer using an on-chip Brillouin oscillator. Nat. Commun. 4(2097), 1–7 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M.R.: Managing nonlinearity in optical fiber for high-power lasers. In: SPIE Newsroom (2006).

  • Liu, Y., Yu, J.L., Wang, W.R., Pan, H.G., Yang, E.Z.: Single longitudinal mode Brillouin fiber laser with cascaded ring fabry-pérot resonator. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26(2), 169–172 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, P., Li, L., Wang, Y., Bao, X.: Multiwavelength single-longitudinal-mode Brillouin-erbium fiber laser sensor for temperature measurements with ultrahigh resolution. IEEE Photonics J. 7(5), 1–9 (2015a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, P., Zhang, J., Wang, Y.: Temperature sensing using four-wavelength fabry-pérot Brillouin-erbium fiber laser by low frequency detection. Laser Phys. 25(11), 1–4 (2015b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian, L., Fen, D., Xie, H., Sun, J.: A novel tunable multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser with switchable frequency spacing. Opt. Commun. 340, 74–79 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, M., Zhang, L., Wang, T., Zhan, L.: Dynamics and limitations of superluminal propagation based on long-cavity Brillouin fiber lasing oscillation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33(5), 989–995 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, T., Junker, M., Hannover, D.: Generation of millimetre-wave signals by stimulated Brillouin scattering for radio over fibre systems. Electron. Lett. 40(23), 1500–1502 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, Y., Zhang, X., Chen, K.: All-optical generation of microwave and millimeter wave using a two-frequency bragg grating-based Brillouin fiber laser. J. Lightwave Technol. 23(5), 1860–1865 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S.P., Singh, N.R.: Nonlinear effects in optical fibers: origin, mangement and application. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 73, 249–275 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spirin, V.V., López-Mercado, C.: Single-mode Brillouin fiber laser passively stabilized at resonance frequency with self-injection locked pump laser. Laser Phys. Lett. 9(5), 377–380 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Spirin, V.V., López-Mercado, C.: A single-longitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser passively stabilized at the pump resonance frequency with a dynamic population inversion grating. Laser Phys. Lett. 10(1), 1–4 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G., Zhan, L., Liu, J., Zhang, T., Li, J., Zhang, L., Peng, J., Yi, L.: Watt-level ultrahigh-optical signal-to-noise ratio single-longitudinal-mode tunable Brillouin fiber laser. Opt. Lett. 38(1), 19–21 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Yang, Y., Liu, M., Yuan, Y., Sun, Y., Gu, Y., Yao, Y.: Frequency spacing switchable multiwavelength Brillouin erbium fiber laser utilizing cascaded Brillouin gain fibers. Appl. Opt. 55(23), 6475–6479 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Z., Wang, T., Jia, Q., Ma, W., Su, Q., Zhang, P.: Triple Brillouin frequency spacing multiwavelength fiber laser with double Brillouin cavities and its application in microwave signal generation. Appl. Opt. 56(26), 7419–7426 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, R., Zhang, X.: Multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser temperature sensor with tunable and high sensitivity. IEEE Photonics J. 7(3), 1–8 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunqi, H., Qing, Y., ZhengQing, P., Fei, Y., Haiwen, C., Ronghui, Q., Qinyuan, Z., Zhongmin, Y.: Design of wide-band frequency shift technology by using compact Brillouin fiber laser for Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry sensing system. Photonics J. IEEE 4(5), 1686–1692 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Zhan, L., Qin, M., Wang, Z., Luo, H., Wang, T.: Superluminal propagation through 500 m optical fiber via stimulated Brillouin scattering. Opt. Lett. 40(19), 4404–4407 (2015a)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Zhan, L., Qin, M., Zou, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, J.: Large-region tunable optical bistability in saturable absorber-based single-frequency Brillouin fiber lasers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32(6), 1113 (2015b)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, X., Liu, Y., Hu, M., Wei, Y., Lu, Y., Yang, G., Bi, M., Li, Q.: Multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser with triple Brillouin frequency spacing. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28(21), 2379–2382 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grant 61705157, Grant 61404140403 and Grant 61805167, National Nature Science Foundation of China (General Program: Grant 61975142), Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2017-key-2) and Key Research and Development (R&D) Projects of Shanxi Province (201903D121124).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yao Shang and Rongrong Guo contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Rongrong Guo & Yi Liu

  2. Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Rongrong Guo, Yi Liu & Xiaogang Yi

  3. College of Software, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Yao Shang

  4. Polytechnic Institute, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Yao Shang

  5. Strong Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Thinvent), Nanchang, 410000, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Liu

  6. North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Liu

Authors
  1. Yao Shang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rongrong Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yi Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaogang Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yi Liu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shang, Y., Guo, R., Liu, Y. et al. Managing Brillouin frequency spacing for temperature measurement with Brillouin fiber laser sensor. Opt Quant Electron 52, 211 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02330-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02330-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation