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CNOT-based quantum swapping of polarization and modal encoded qubits in photonic Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides

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Abstract

A photonic circuit aimed at implementing a CNOT-based quantum swapping of the modal and polarization qubits, is designed and simulated, using Ti:LiNbO3 indiffused channel waveguides. A few on-chip optical elements such as the polarization-sensitive odd-mode analyzers and combiners, along with the electrically controllable directional couplers and polarization converters, are incorporated within the circuit and together serve to realize the operation of a deterministic single-photon quantum swap gate. Entanglement generation is realized on-chip by means of two concurrent spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes in the twice periodically poled Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide, placed at the input section of the circuit. The constituent elements of the circuit are characterized separately using numerical beam propagation method in RSoft program package. Two poling periods of \(\varLambda_{1} = 11.762\,\upmu{\text{m}}\) and \(\varLambda_{2} = 23.667\,\upmu{\text{m}}\) are calculated for the dual periodically perturbed structure in the circuit. The directional couplers operate at \(V_{DC} = 31.6\) V. Maximum polarization conversion efficiency is achieved by applying a constant switching voltage of \(V_{EO} = 4.52\) V.

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  1. Nanoptronics Research Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran

    Shahram MohammadNejad & Anahita KhodadadKashi

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  1. Shahram MohammadNejad
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  2. Anahita KhodadadKashi
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Correspondence to Shahram MohammadNejad.

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MohammadNejad, S., KhodadadKashi, A. CNOT-based quantum swapping of polarization and modal encoded qubits in photonic Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides. Opt Quant Electron 51, 301 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2011-9

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