Abstract
In this paper, a 4 × 2 reversible encoder with hexagonal lattice has been designed using two-dimensional photonic crystals with non-linear refractive index. In order to demonstrate the working of the encoder, we have used the multi-hexagonal shaped structure arranged in parallel with appropriate inclination to get the desired output. During its functionality as an encoder, more than 98% of the power is coupled at the output port to obtain logic 1 and less than 17.2% of the power is coupled for obtaining logic 0. In addition, during its functionality as a reversible encoder, the logic 1 and logic 0 correspond to 97.5% and 15.1%, respectively. The proposed encoder provides an improved contrast ratio of 12.18 dB and 11.5 dB for logical states of 01 and 10, respectively.
References
Alipour-Banaeia, H., Serajmohammadi, S., Mehdizadeh, F.: All optical NOR and NAND gate based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt.—Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 125(19), 5701–5704 (2014)
Alipour-Banaei, H., Rabati, M.G., Abdollahzadeh-Badelbou, P., Mehdizadeh, F.: Application of self-collimated beams to realization of all optical photonic crystal encoder. Elsevier Phys. E 75, 77–85 (2016)
Amoh, M.M.P., Talukder, A.B.M.H., Faruk, MO., Tisa, TA., Mahmood, ZH.: Design and simulation of an optical wavelength division De-multiplexer Based on the Photonic Crystal Architecture. In: IEEE International Conference on informatics, Electronics and Vision, pp. 441–444 (2012)
Bao, J., Xiao, J., Fan, L., Li, X., Hai, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, C.: All-optical NOR and NAND gates based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Opt. Commun. 329, 109–112 (2014)
D’souza, N.M., Mathew, V.: Interference based square lattice photonic crystal logic gates working with different wavelengths. Opt. Laser Technol. 80, 214–219 (2016)
Fasihi, K.: Design and simulation of linear logic gates in the two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystals. Opt.—Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 127(11), 4669–4674 (2016)
Hassangholizadeh Kashtibana, M., Sabbaghi Nadooshanb, R., Alipour-Banaei, H.: A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals. Opt.—Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 126(20), 2368–2372 (2015)
Hsiao, F-L., Lee, C.: A nano-ring resonator based on 2-D hexagonal-lattice photonic crystals. In: IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics, pp. 107–108 (2013)
Joannopoulos, J.D., Johnson, S.G., Winn, J.N., Meade, R.D.: Photonic crystals: molding the flow of light. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2008)
Kotiyal, S., Thapliyal. H., Ranganathan. N.: Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based design of all optical reversible binary adder. In: Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition, pp. 721–726 (2012)
Kumar, G., Sabnani, P.: Design and simulation of 1 × 2 optical wavelength division de-multiplexer by using line defect photonic crystal resonator. In: 2014 5th International Conference—Confluence the Next Generation Information Technology Summit, pp. 482–484 (2014)
Lee, K-Y., Yang, Y-C., Lin, Y-J., Lee, W-Y., Lee, C-C., Wong, S-H.: The designs of 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals. In: OSA Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP), pp. 1–2, (2009)
Mohebbi, Z., Nozhatn, N., Emami, F.: High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal. Opt. Commun. 355, 130–136 (2015)
Skorobogatiy, M., Yang, J.: Fundamentals of photonic crystal guiding. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)
Younis, R.M., Areed, N.F.F., Obayya, S.S.A.: Fully integrated AND and OR optical logic gates. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(19), 1900–1903 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Monisha, S., Saranya, D. & Rajesh, A. Design and analysis of multi-hexagonal reversible encoder using photonic crystals. Opt Quant Electron 51, 6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1718-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1718-3