Abstract
To balance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of dynamic spectrum (DS) in the full spectral range due to the light intensity and the tissue absorption, we present a double-sampling method which is implemented by two spectral samplings at different integration times. In the first spectral sampling, we obtain a part of DS in the spectral range with high SNR. For the second, we increase the integration time to enhance the sensitivity of DS in original low SNR range. The combinative spectrum of two samplings is defined as the final DS for the continued model input variables. The experimental results demonstrated that the double-sampling method can widen the effective spectral range and significantly improve the SNR of DS.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amaral, C.E.F., Wolf, B.: Current development in non-invasive glucose monitoring. Med. Eng. Phys. 30, 541–549 (2008)
Barman, I., Dingari, N.C., Singh, G.P., Soares, J.S., Dasari, R.R., Smulko, J.M.: Investigation of noise-induced instabilities in quantitative biological spectroscopy and its implications for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Anal. Chem. 84, 8149–8156 (2012)
Bilhorn, R.B., Denton, M.B.: Wide dynamic range detection with a charge injection device (CID) for quantitative plasma. Appl. Spectrosc. 44, 1538–1534 (1990)
Bilhorn, R.B., Epperson, P.M., Sweedler, J.V., Denton, M.B.: Spectrochemical measurements with multichannel integrating detectors. Appl. Spectrosc. 41, 1125–1136 (1987)
Chen, L.J., Guo, J.S., Yang, J.G.: Noise ratio of optical multichannel analyzer in measurement of absorbances. Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 19, 286–288 (1999)
Geng, X., Chen, B., Zhu, W.J., Yan, H.: Study on the relation between integration spectrum and accuracy of near infrared spectroscopy analysis. Acta Optica Sinica 29, 3551–3555 (2009)
He, Y.H., Tang, L., Wu, X., Hou, X.D.: Spectroscopy: the best way toward green analytical chemistry? Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 42, 119–138 (2007)
Kraitl, J., Ewald, H., Gehring, H.: An optical device to measure blood components by a photoplethysmographic method. J. Opt. A. Pure Appl. Opt. 7, S318–S324 (2005)
Li, G., Wang, Y., Li, Q.X., Lin, L., Li, X.X., Liu, Y.L.: Theoretic study on improving noninvasive measurement accuracy of blood component by dynamic spectrum method. J. Infrared Millim. Waves 25, 345–348 (2006)
Li, G., Xiong, C., Wang, H.Q., Lin, L., Zhang, B.J., Tong, Y.: Single-trial estimation of dynamic dpectrum. Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal. 31, 1857–1861 (2011)
McMurdy, J., Jay, G., Sunner, S., Crawford, G.: Photonics-based in vivo total hemoglobin monitoring and clinical relevance. J. Biophoton. 2, 277–287 (2009)
McShane, M.J., Cote, G.L., Spiegelman, C.H.: Assessment of partial least-squares calibration and wavelength selection for complex near-infrared spectra. Appl. Spectrosc. 52, 878–884 (1998)
Wang, H.Q., Li, G., Zhao, Z., Lin, L.: Non-invasive measurement of haemoglobin based on dynamic spectrum method. Trans. Inst. Meas. Control 35, 16–24 (2013)
Wirsz, D.F., Browne, R.J., Blades, M.W.: Dynamic range enhancement of photodiode array spectra. Appl. Spectrosc. 41, 1383–1387 (1987)
Zhou, M., Li, G., Lin, L.: Fast digital lock-in amplifier for dynamic spectrum extraction. J. Biomed. Opt. 18, 057003-1–057003-8 (2013)
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30973964), and Tianjin Application Basis & Front Technology Study Programs (No. 11JCZDJC17100).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, G., Zhou, M. & Lin, L. Double-sampling to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of dynamic spectrum (DS) in full spectral range. Opt Quant Electron 46, 691–698 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-013-9775-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-013-9775-0