Abstract
This paper studies a four-dimensional (4D) memristive system modified from the 3D chaotic system proposed by Lü and Chen. The new system keeps the symmetry and dissipativity of the original system and has an uncountable infinite number of stable and unstable equilibria. By varying the strength of the memristor, we find rich complex dynamics, such as limit cycles, torus, chaos, and hyperchaos, which can peacefully coexist with the stable equilibria. To explain such coexistence, we compute the unstable manifolds of the equilibria, find that the manifolds create a safe zone for the hyperchaotic attractor, and also find many heteroclinic orbits. To verify the existence of hyperchaos in the 4D memristive circuit, we carry out a computer-assisted proof via a topological horseshoe with two-directional expansions, as well as a circuit experiment on oscilloscope views.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Šil’Nikov, L.: A contribution to the problem of the structure of an extended neighborhood of a rough equilibrium state of saddle-focus type. Sbornik Math. 10(1), 91–102 (1970)
Lorenz, E.N.: Deterministic nonperiodic flow. J. Atmos. Sci. 20(2), 130–141 (1963)
Rössler, O.E.: An equation for continuous chaos. Phys. Lett. A 57(5), 397–398 (1976)
Chen, G., Ueta, T.: Yet another chaotic attractor. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 9(07), 1465–1466 (1999)
Lü, J., Chen, G.: A new chaotic attractor coined. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12(03), 659–661 (2002)
Li, Q.-D., Yang, X.-S.: A new algorithm for computation of two-dimensional unstable manifolds and its applications. Acta Phys. Sin. 59(3), 1416–1422 (2010)
Li, Q., Tan, Y., Yang, F.: A heterogeneous computing algorithm for two-dimensional unstable manifolds of time-continuous systems. Acta Phys. Sin. 60(3), 030206 (2011)
Liu, C.: A novel chaotic attractor. Chaos Solitons Fractals 39(3), 1037–1045 (2009)
Qi, G., et al.: A four-wing chaotic attractor generated from a new 3-D quadratic autonomous system. Chaos Solitons Fractals 38(3), 705–721 (2008)
Wang, Z., et al.: A hyperchaotic system without equilibrium. Nonlinear Dyn. 69(1–2), 531–537 (2012)
Wei, Z.: Dynamical behaviors of a chaotic system with no equilibria. Phys. Lett. A 376(2), 102–108 (2011)
Wang, X., Chen, G.: Constructing a chaotic system with any number of equilibria. Nonlinear Dyn. 71(3), 429–436 (2013)
Li, Q., et al.: Hyperchaos and horseshoe in a 4D memristive system with a line of equilibria and its implementation. Int. J. Circuit Theory Appl 42(11), 1172–1188 (2014)
Jafari, S., Sprott, J.: Simple chaotic flows with a line equilibrium. Chaos Solitons Fractals 57, 79–84 (2013)
Yang, Q., Chen, G.: A chaotic system with one saddle and two stable node-foci. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 18(05), 1393–1414 (2008)
Yang, Q., Wei, Z., Chen, G.: An unusual 3D autonomous quadratic chaotic system with two stable node-foci. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 20(04), 1061–1083 (2010)
Huan, S., Li, Q., Yang, X.-S.: Horseshoes in a chaotic system with only one stable equilibrium. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 23(1), 1350002 (2013)
Wang, X., Chen, G.: A chaotic system with only one stable equilibrium. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 17(3), 1264–1272 (2012)
Leonov, G., Kuznetsov, N., Vagaitsev, V.: Hidden attractor in smooth Chua systems. Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom. 241(18), 1482–1486 (2012)
Leonov, G., Kuznetsov, N., Vagaitsev, V.: Localization of hidden Chua’s attractors. Phys. Lett. A 375(23), 2230–2233 (2011)
Li, Q., Zeng, H., Yang, X.-S. : On hidden twin attractors and bifurcation in the chua’s circuit. Nonlinear Dyn 77(1–2), 255–266 (2014)
Pham, V.-T., Volos, C., Gambuzza, L.V.: A memristive hyperchaotic system without equilibrium. Sci. World J. 2014, 368986 (2014)
Li, C., et al.:A new piecewise-linear hyperchaotic circuit. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express br. (2014). doi:10.1109/TCSII.2014.2356912
Chua, L.: Memristor, Hodgkin-Huxley, and edge of chaos. Nanotechnology 24(38), 383001 (2013)
Chua, L.O., Kang, S.M.: Memristive devices and systems. Proc. IEEE 64(2), 209–223 (1976)
Chua, L.O.: Memristor-missing circuit element. IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 18(5), 507–519 (1971)
Strukov, D.B., et al.: The missing memristor found. Nature 453(7191), 80–83 (2008)
Kim, H., et al.: Memristor bridge synapses. Proc. IEEE 100(6), 2061–2070 (2012)
Li, Q., et al.: On hyperchaos in a small memristive neural network. Nonlinear Dyn 78(2), 1087–1099 (2014)
Buscarino, A., et al.: A chaotic circuit based on Hewlett-Packard memristor. Chaos: An interdisciplinary. J. Nonlinear Sci. 22(2), 023136 (2012)
Muthuswamy, B.: Implementing memristor based chaotic circuits. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 20(5), 1335–1350 (2010)
Fitch, A.L., et al.: Hyperchaos in a memristor-based modified canonical chua’s circuit. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 22(6), 1250133 (2012)
Iu, H.H.C., et al.: Controlling chaos in a memristor based circuit using a Twin-T notch filter. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. 58(6), 1337–1344 (2011)
Bao, B.C., et al.: Chaotic memristive circuit: equivalent circuit realization and dynamical analysis. Chin. Phys. B 20(12), 120502 (2011)
Leonov, G.A., Kuznetsov, N.V. : Hidden attractors in dynamical systems. From hidden oscillations in Hilbert-Kolmogorov, Aizerman, and Kalman problems to hidden chaotic attractor in Chua circuits. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 23(01), 1330002 (2013)
Leonov, G., et al.: Hidden oscillations in mathematical model of drilling system actuated by induction motor with a wound rotor. Nonlinear Dyn. 77(1–2), 277–288 (2014)
Bao, B.C., et al.: A simple memristor chaotic circuit with complex dynamics. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 21(9), 2629–2645 (2011)
Buscarino, A., et al.: Memristive chaotic circuits based on cellular nonlinear networks. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 22(3), 1250070 (2012)
Itoh, M., Chua, L.O.: Memristor Hamiltonian circuits. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 21(9), 2395–2425 (2011)
Itoh, M., Chua, L.O.: Memristor oscillators. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 18(11), 3183–3206 (2008)
El-Sayed, A., et al.: Dynamical behavior, chaos control and synchronization of a memristor-based ADVP circuit. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 18(1), 148–170 (2013)
Muthuswamy, B., Kokate, P.P.: Memristor-based chaotic circuits. IETE Tech. Rev. 26(6), 417–429 (2009)
Kuznetsov, N., Mokaev, T., Vasilyev, P.: Numerical justification of Leonov conjecture on Lyapunov dimension of Rossler attractor. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 19(4), 1027–1034 (2014)
Leonov, G.A., Kuznetsov, N.V.: Time-varying linearization and the Perron effects. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 17(04), 1079–1107 (2007)
Yang, X.S.: Computer assisted verification of chaotic dynamics. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 19(4), 1127–1145 (2009)
Li, Q.: A topological horseshoe in the hyperchaotic Rossler attractor. Phys. Lett. A 372(17), 2989–2994 (2008). SCI: 293YT
Li, Q., Tang, S.: Algorithm for finding horseshoes in three-dimensional hyperchaotic maps and its application. Acta Phys. Sin. 62(2), 020510 (2013)
Li, Q., Yang, X.-S.: A simple method for finding topological horseshoes. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 20(02), 467–478 (2010)
Li, Q., Yang, X.-S., Chen, S.: Hyperchaos in a spacecraft power system. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 21(06), 1719–1726 (2011)
Shen, C., et al.: A systematic methodology for constructing hyperchaotic systems with multiple positive Lyapunov exponents and circuit implementation. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I 61(3), 854–864 (2014)
Shen, C., et al.: Designing hyperchaotic systems with any desired number of positive Lyapunov exponents via A simple model. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I 61(8), 2380–2389 (2014)
Zhou, J., Lu, J.-A., LÜ, J.: Adaptive synchronization of an uncertain complex dynamical network. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 51(4), 652–656 (2006)
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61104150), and Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing (cstc2013jcyjjq40001), and the Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Commission (KJ130517).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Q., Zeng, H. & Li, J. Hyperchaos in a 4D memristive circuit with infinitely many stable equilibria. Nonlinear Dyn 79, 2295–2308 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1812-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1812-4