Abstract
In this paper, we numerically investigate the hyperchaotic behaviors in the fractional-order Chen hyperchaotic systems. By utilizing the fractional calculus techniques, we find that hyperchaos exists in the fractional-order Chen hyperchaotic system with the order less than 4. We found that the lowest order for hyperchaos to have in this system is 3.72. Our results are validated by the existence of two positive Lyapunov exponents. The generalized projective synchronization method is also presented for synchronizing the fractional-order Chen hyperchaotic systems. The present technique is based on the Laplace transform theory. This simple and theoretically rigorous synchronization approach enables synchronization of fractional-order hyperchaotic systems to be achieved and does not require the computation of the conditional Lyapunov exponents. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization scheme.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Podlubny, I.: Fractional Differential Equations. Academic Press, New York (1999)
Hifer, R.: Applications of Fractional Calculus in Physics. World Scientific, New Jersey (2001)
Koeller, R.C.: Application of fractional calculus to the theory of viscoelasticity. J. Appl. Mech. 51, 299–307 (1984)
Sun, H.H., Abdelwahad, A.A., Onaral, B.: Linear approximation of transfer function with a pole of fractional order. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 29, 441–444 (1984). doi:10.1109/TAC.1984.1103551
Ichise, M., Nagayanagi, Y., Kojima, T.: An analog simulation of noninteger order transfer functions for analysis of electrode process. J. Electroanal. Chem. 33, 253–265 (1971)
Heaviside, O.: Electromagnetic Theory. Chelsea, New York (1971)
Oustaloup, A., Levron, F., Nanot, F., Mathieu, B.: Frequency band complex noninteger differentiator: characterization and synthesis. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.-I 47, 25–40 (2000)
Chen, Y.Q., Moore, K.: Discretization schemes for fractional order differentiators and integrators. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.-I 49, 363–367 (2000)
Hartley, T.T., Lorenzo, C.F.: Dynamics and control of initialized fractional-order systems. Nonlinear Dyn. 29, 201–233 (2002). doi:10.1023/A:1016534921583
Hwang, C., Leu, J.F., Tsay, S.Y.: A note on time-domain simulation of feedback fractional-order systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 47, 625–631 (2002). doi:10.1109/9.995039
Hartley, T.T., Lorenzo, C.F., Qammer, H.K.: Chaos in a fractional order Chua’s system. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.-I 42, 485–490 (1995)
Arena, P., Caponetto, R., Fortuna, L., Porto, D.: Chaos in a fractional order Duffing system. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Budapest, pp. 1259–1262 (1997)
Grigorenko, I., Grigorenko, E.: Chaotic dynamics of the fractional Lorenz system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 034101 (2003). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.034101
Ahmad, W.M., Sprott, J.C.: Chaos in fractional-order autonomous nonlinear systems. Chaos Solitons Fractals 16, 339–351 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0960-0779(02)00438-1
Ahmad, W.M., Harb, A.M.: On nonlinear control design for autonomous chaotic systems of integer and fractional orders. Chaos Solitons Fractals 18, 693–701 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0960-0779(02)00644-6
Li, C.G., Chen, G.: Chaos and hyperchaos in the fractional-order Rössler equations. Physica A 341, 55–61 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2004.04.113
Li, C.P., Peng, G.J.: Chaos in Chen’s system with a fractional order. Chaos Solitons Fractals 22, 443–450 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2004.02.013
Li, C.G., Chen, G.: Chaos in the fractional order Chen system and its control. Chaos Solitons Fractals 22, 549–554 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2004.02.035
Zaslavsky, G.M.: Chaos, fractional kinetics, and anomalous transport. Phys. Rep. 371, 461–580 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(02)00331-9
Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L.: Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 821–824 (1990). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.821
Kocarev, L., Parlitz, U.: General approach for chaotic synchronization with application to communication. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5028–5031 (1995). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.5028
Lakshmanan, M., Murali, K.: Chaos in Nonlinear Oscillators: Controlling and Synchronization. World Scientific, Singapore (1996)
Chen, G., Dong, X.: From Chaos to Order: Methodologies, Perspectives and Applications. World Scientific, Singapore (1998)
Wu, X.J.: A new chaotic communication scheme based on adaptive synchronization. Chaos 16, 043118 (2006). doi:10.1063/1.2401058
Rosenblum, M.G., Pikovsky, A.S., Kurtz, J.: Phase synchronization of chaotic oscillators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1804–1807 (1996). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.1804
Pikovsky, A.S., Rosenlum, M.G., Osipov, G., Kurtz, J.: Phase synchronization of chaotic oscillators by external driving. Physica D 104, 219–238 (1997). doi:10.1016/S0167-2789(96)00301-6
Rosenblum, M.G., Pikovsky, A.S., Kurths, J.: From phase to lag synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4193–4196 (1997). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4193
Zhang, Y., Sun, J.: Chaotic synchronization and anti-synchronization based on suitable separation. Phys. Lett. A 330, 442–447 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2004.08.023
Mainieri, R., Rehacek, J.: Projective synchronization in three-dimensional chaotic system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3042–3045 (1999). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.3042
Xu, D., Li, Z.: Manipulating the scaling factor of projective synchronization in three-dimensional chaotic systems. Chaos 11, 439–442 (2001). doi:10.1063/1.1380370
Xu, D., Chee, C.Y., Li, C.P.: A necessary condition of projective synchronization in discrete-time systems of arbitrary dimensions. Chaos Solitons Fractals 22, 175–180 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2004.01.012
Li, G.H.: Modified projective synchronization of chaotic system. Chaos Solitons Fractals 32, 1786–1790 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2005.12.009
Hung, M.L., Yan, J.J., Liao, T.L.: Generalized projective synchronization of chaotic nonlinear gyros coupled with dead-zone input. Chaos Solitons Fractals 35, 181–187 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2006.05.050
Li, C.G., Liao, X.F., Yu, J.B.: Synchronization of fractional order chaotic systems. Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 68, 067203 (2003). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.68.067203
Lu, J.G.: Chaotic dynamics and synchronization of fractional-order Arneodo’s systems. Chaos Solitons Fractals 26, 1125–1133 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2005.02.023.
Li, C.P., Deng, W.H., Xu, D.: Chaos synchronization of the Chua system with a fractional order. Physica A 360, 171–185 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2005.06.078
Li, C., Yan, J.: The synchronization of three fractional differential systems. Chaos Solitons Fractals 32, 751–757 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.020
Tavazoei, M.S., Haeri, M.: Synchronization of chaotic fractional-order systems via active sliding mode controller. Physica A 387, 57–70 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2007.08.039
Ge, Z.M., Ou, C.Y.: Chaos synchronization of fractional order modified Duffing systems with parameters excited by a chaotic signal. Chaos Solitons Fractals 35, 705–717 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2006.05.101
Yu, Y., Li, H.X.: The synchronization of fractional-order Rössler hyperchaotic systems. Physica A 387, 1393–1403 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.physa.2007.10.052
Rulkov, N.F., Sushchik, M.M., Tsimring, L.S., Abarbanel, H.D.I.: Generalized synchronization of chaos in directionally coupled chaotic systems. Phys. Rev. E Stat. Phys. Plasmas Fluids Relat. Interdiscip. Top. 51, 980–994 (1995) doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.51.980
Kocarev, L., Parlitz, U.: Generalized synchronization. predictability, and equivalence of unidirectionally coupled dynamical systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1816–1819 (1996). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.1816
Wang, Y.W., Guan, Z.H.: Generalized synchronization of continuous chaotic system. Chaos Solitons Fractals 27, 97–101 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2004.12.038
Caputo, M.: Linear models of dissipation whose Q is almost frequency independent. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 13, 529–539 (1967).
Samko, S.G., Klibas, A.A., Marichev, O.I.: Fractional Integrals and Derivatives: Theory and Applications. Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam (1993)
Chen, G.R., Ueta, T.: Yet another chaotic attractor. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 9, 1465–1466 (1999). doi:10.1142/S0218127499001024
Li, Y.X., Tang, W.K.S., Chen, G.R.: Generating hyperchaos via state feedback control. Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 15, 3367–3375 (2005). doi:10.1142/S0218127405013988
Yan, Z.Y.: Controlling hyperchaos in the new hyperchaotic Chen system. Appl. Math. Comput. 168, 1239–1250 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.amc.2004.10.016
Diethelm, K.: An algorithm for the numerical solution of differential equations of fractional order. Electron Trans. Numer. Anal. 5, 1–6 (1997)
Diethelm, K., Ford, N.J.: Analysis of fractional differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 265, 229–248 (2002). doi:10.1006/jmaa.2000.7194
Diethelm, K., Ford, N.J., Freed, A.D.: A predictor–corrector approach for the numerical solution of fractional differential equations. Nonlinear Dyn. 29, 3–22 (2002). doi:10.1023/A:1016592219341
Wolf, A., Swinney, J.B., Swinney, H.L., Vastano, J.A.: Determining Lyapunov exponents from a time series. Physica D 16, 285–317 (1985). doi:10.1016/0167-2789(85)90011-9
Muth, E.J.: Transform Methods with Applications to Engineering and Operations Research. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1977)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, X., Lu, Y. Generalized projective synchronization of the fractional-order Chen hyperchaotic system. Nonlinear Dyn 57, 25–35 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-008-9416-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-008-9416-5