Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Identification and hierarchical structure of cause factors for fire following earthquake using data mining and interpretive structural modeling

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Historic events and prior research confirm that fire following earthquake (FFE) can cause major social and economic losses in a community. FFE is influenced by a number of interacting factors. This paper identifies 27 cause factors (CFs) for FFE through data mining method and literature review. The CFs are grouped into four clusters: management, source of ignition, environmental factors, and earthquake hazard. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is used to construct the hierarchy structure of the CFs and analyze their internal relationships. As a result, a five-level ISM is built, in which, the direct, indirect, and source of CFs are identified. Subsequently, MICMAC (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) analysis is completed to partition the CFs into four quadrants (independent, linkage, autonomous, and dependent) based on their effect index and dependence index, and evaluate the degree of relationship between the CFs. The findings show that the causal influence network with 27 CFs has a strong hierarchy, with the CFs propagating unidirectionally from the bottom layer to the top layer. The CFs in the ignition category are more dependent and influenced by other categories as expected. Investing in a resilient electric network, enhancing design standard of buildings and appropriate retrofitting, and optimizing fire prevention strategies considering seasonal hazards could reduce the risk of FFE in a community. The results of this study provide insight into the interrelationships between the CFs for FFE and can be used to identify effective risk reduction strategies and improve fire safety.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and material

The data are included in the manuscript.

Code availability

Not applicable for this section.

References

  • Agrawal NM (2019) Modeling Deming’s quality principles to improve performance using interpretive structural modeling and MICMAC analysis. Int J Qual Reliab Manag 36:1159–1180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne DB, Crouse C (1997) Reliability and restoration of water supply systems for fire suppression and drinking following earthquakes. US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology

  • Bariha N, Mishra IM, Srivastava VC (2016a) Fire and explosion hazard analysis during surface transport of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): a case study of LPG truck tanker accident in Kannur, Kerala, India. J Loss Prev Process Ind 40:449–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bariha N, Mishra IM, Srivastava VC (2016b) Hazard analysis of failure of natural gas and petroleum gas pipelines. J Loss Prev Process Ind 40:217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett C (1989) Fire separation between external walls of buildings. Fire Saf Sci 2:841–850

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brannigan V, Smidts C (1999) Performance based fire safety regulation under intentional uncertainty. Fire Mater 23(6):341–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braxtan NL, Pessiki SP (2011) Postearthquake fire performance of sprayed fire-resistive material on steel moment frames. J Struct Eng 137(9):946–953

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Britton C, Ramirez M, Lynch CF, Torner J, Peek-Asa C (2013) Risk of injury by job assignment among federal wildland firefighters, United States, 2003–2007. Int J Occup Environ Health 19(2):77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brodsky EE, Roeloffs E, Woodcock D, Gall I, Manga M (2003) A mechanism for sustained groundwater pressure changes induced by distant earthquakes. J Geophys Res: Solid Earth 108(B8):2390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caton SE, Hakes RS, Gorham DJ, Zhou A, Gollner MJ (2017) Review of pathways for building fire spread in the wildland urban interface part I: exposure conditions. Fire Technol 53(2):429–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chand P, Thakkar JJ, Ghosh KK (2020) Analysis of supply chain sustainability with supply chain complexity, inter-relationship study using delphi and interpretive structural modeling for Indian mining and earthmoving machinery industry. Resour Policy 68:101726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C (2004) Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain visualization. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101:5303–5310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C (2006) CiteSpace II: detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. J Am Soc Inform Sci Technol 57(3):359–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coar M, Garlock M, Elhami Khorasani N (2020) Effects of water network dependency on the electric network for post-earthquake fire suppression. Sustain Resil Infrastruct 5(5):269–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coar M, Sarreshtehdari A, Garlock M, Elhami Khorasani N (2021) Methodology and challenges of fire following earthquake analysis: an urban community study considering water and transportation networks. Nat Hazards 109(1):1–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cousins J, Heron D, Mazzoni S, Thomas G, Lloydd D (2002) Estimating risks from fire following earthquake. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited

  • Deshpande NA, Nagendra A (2020) An ISM-based framework of variables affecting transactions in the online patent marketplace. Int J Technol Mark 14(1):69–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dos Muchangos LS, Tokai A, Hanashima A (2015) Analyzing the structure of barriers to municipal solid waste management policy planning in Maputo city, Mozambique. Environ Dev 16:76–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etemadinia H, Tavakolan M (2021) Using a hybrid system dynamics and interpretive structural modeling for risk analysis of design phase of the construction projects. Int J Constr Manag 21(1):93–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Farahani S, Tahershamsi A, Behnam B (2020) Earthquake and post-earthquake vulnerability assessment of urban gas pipelines network. Nat Hazards 101:327–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farshadmanesh P (2017) New directions in post-earthquake fire hazard analysis with applications to Midwestern United States. Illinois Institute of Technology

  • Gan X, Chang R, Zuo J, Wen T, Zillante G (2018) Barriers to the transition towards off-site construction in China: An Interpretive structural modeling approach. J Clean Prod 197:8–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guan L, Abbasi A, Ryan MJ (2020) Analyzing green building project risk interdependencies using Interpretive Structural Modeling. J Clean Prod 256:120372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han Y, Zhu Q, Geng Z, Xu Y (2017) Energy and carbon emissions analysis and prediction of complex petrochemical systems based on an improved extreme learning machine integrated interpretative structural model. Appl Therm Eng 115:280–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He Z, Chen H (2021a) Critical factors for practicing sustainable construction projects in environmentally fragile regions based on interpretive structural modeling and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification: a case study in China. Sustain Cities Soc 74:103238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He Z, Chen H (2021b) An ISM-based methodology for interrelationships of critical success factors for construction projects in ecologically Fragile regions: Take Korla. China as an example. Appl Sci 11(10):4668

    Google Scholar 

  • He Z, Chen H, Yan H, Yin Y, Qiu Q, Wang T (2021) Scenario-based comprehensive assessment for community resilience adapted to fire following an earthquake, implementing the analytic network process and preference ranking organization method for enriched evaluation II techniques. Buildings 11(11):523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Himoto K (2019) Comparative analysis of post-earthquake fires in Japan from 1995 to 2017. Fire Technol 55(3):935–961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Himoto K, Akimoto Y, Hokugo A, Tanaka T (2008) Risk and behavior of fire spread in a Densely-built urban area. Fire Saf Sci 9:267–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Himoto K, Mukaibo K, Akimoto Y, Kuroda R, Hokugo A, Tanaka T (2013) A physics-based model for post-earthquake fire spread considering damage to building components caused by seismic motion and heating by fire. Earthq Spectra 29(3):793–816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Himoto K, Nakamura T (2014) An Analysis of the post-earthquake fire safety of historic buildings in Kyoto, Japan. Fire Technol 50(5):1107–1125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iyer KC, Sagheer M (2010) Hierarchical structuring of PPP risks using interpretative structural modeling. J Constr Eng Manag 136(2):151–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jie L, Jian-Hua J, Ming-Hao L (2001) Hazard analysis system of urban post-earthquake fire based on GIS. Acta Seismol Sin 14(4):448–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabir S (2017) An overview of fault tree analysis and its application in model based dependability analysis. Expert Syst Appl 77:114–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalantari T, Khoshalhan F (2018) Readiness assessment of leagility supply chain based on fuzzy cognitive maps and interpretive structural modeling: a case study. J Bus Ind Market 33(4):442–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanji R, Agrawal R (2020) Exploring the use of corporate social responsibility in building disaster resilience through sustainable development in India: An interpretive structural modelling approach. Progr Disaster Sci 6:100089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaswan MS, Rathi R (2019) Analysis and modeling the enablers of green lean six sigma implementation using interpretive structural modeling. J Clean Prod 231:1182–1191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly EJ, Tell RN (2011) Modeling the number of ignitions following an earthquake: developing prediction limits for overdispersed count data. Tech. Rep. LA-UR-11-01857, Energy Department Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) Workshop, Maryland

  • Khorasani NE, Garlock ME (2017) Overview of fire following earthquake: historical events and community responses. Int J Disaster Resil Built Environ 8(2):158–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khorasani NE, Gernay T, Garlock M (2017) Data-driven probabilistic post-earthquake fire ignition model for a community. Fire Saf J 94:33–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim J-D, Ohta T, Tateisi Y, Tsujii JI (2003) GENIA corpus-a semantically annotated corpus for bio-textmining. Bioinformatics 19:180–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobes M, Helsloot I, De Vries B, Post JG (2010) Building safety and human behaviour in fire: a literature review. Fire Saf J 45(1):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landucci G, Rossi F, Nicolella C, Zanelli S (2009) Design and testing of innovative materials for passive fire protection. Fire Saf J 44(8):1103–1109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavasani SM, Ramzali N, Sabzalipour F, Akyuz E (2015) Utilisation of fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA) for quantified risk analysis of leakage in abandoned oil and natural-gas wells. Ocean Eng 108:729–737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leon F, Atanasiu GM, Gâlea D (2006) Using data mining techniques for the management of seismic vulnerability. Key Eng Mater 326:501–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li G, Huang D, Sun C, Li Y (2019a) Developing interpretive structural modeling based on factor analysis for the water-energy-food nexus conundrum. Sci Total Environ 651:309–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Gao J, Zhang H, Deng L, Xin P (2019b) Reliability assessment model of water distribution networks against fire following earthquake (FFE). Water 11(12):2536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu X, Zeng X, Xu Z, Guan H (2019) Physics-based simulation and high-fidelity visualization of fire following earthquake considering building seismic damage. J Earthq Eng 23(7):1173–1193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majumdar A, Sinha SK (2019) Analyzing the barriers of green textile supply chain management in Southeast Asia using interpretive structural modeling. Sustain Prod Consum 17:176–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal A, Deshmukh S (1994) Vendor selection using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Int J Oper Prod Manag 14(06):52–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marano KD, Wald DJ, Allen TI (2010) Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: a quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses. Nat Hazards 52(2):319–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matellini DB, Wall AD, Jenkinson ID, Wang J, Pritchard R (2013) Modelling dwelling fire development and occupancy escape using Bayesian network. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 114:75–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Memari M, Mahmoud H (2018) Framework for a performance-based analysis of fires following earthquakes. Eng Struct 171:794–805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meng Y, Huang J, Han J (2020) Embedding-driven multi-dimensional topic mining and text analysis. In: Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery & data mining, pp 3573–3574

  • Mercado, J. M. R., Kawamura, A., & Amaguchi, H. (2019). analysis of barriers on integrated flood risk management in Metro Manila, Philippines, by interpretive structural modeling approach. In: World environmental and water resources congress 2019: emerging and innovative technologies and international perspectives, pp 152–161

  • Mercado JMR, Kawamura A, Amaguchi H (2020) Interrelationships of the barriers to integrated flood risk management adaptation in Metro Manila, Philippines. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 49:101683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer D, Hornik K, Feinerer I (2008) Text mining infrastructure in R. J Stat Softw 25(5):1–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi J, Grobbel P (1996) An investigation of post-earthquake fire hazard in urban areas. In: Proceedings of 11th world conference on earthquake engineering, vol 11, p 110

  • Mondal DR (2019) High risk of post-earthquake fire hazard in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fire 2(2):24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moritz MA, Hessburg PF, Povak NA (2011) Native fire regimes and landscape resilience. The landscape ecology of fire. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 51–86

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mousavi S, Bagchi A, Kodur VK (2008) Review of post-earthquake fire hazard to building structures. Can J Civ Eng 35(7):689–698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mróz K, Hager I, Korniejenko K (2016) Material solutions for passive fire protection of buildings and structures and their performances testing. Procedia Eng 151:284–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nassaj A, Barabady J (2016) Fault tree analysis of oil and gas distillation tower and application of Bayesian networks. IEEE Int Confer Ind Eng Eng Manag (IEEM) 2016:1669–1673

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson RM Jr (2002) An effective wind speed for models of fire spread. Int J Wildland Fire 11(2):153–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen LH, Shen H, Ershoff D, Afifi AA, Bourque LB (2006) Exploring the causal relationship between exposure to the 1994 Northridge earthquake and pre-and post-earthquake preparedness activities. Earthq Spectra 22(3):569–587

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishino T (2020) Probabilistic analysis of the vulnerability of fire departments to ignitions following megathrust earthquakes in the Nankai Trough subduction zone, Japan. Fire Saf J 120:103038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishino T, Tanaka T, Hokugo A (2012) An evaluation method for the urban post-earthquake fire risk considering multiple scenarios of fire spread and evacuation. Fire Saf J 54:167–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omidvar B, Eskandari M, Peyghaleh E (2013) Seismic damage to urban areas due to failed buried fuel pipelines case study: fire following earthquake in the city of Kermanshah, Iran. Nat Hazards 67(2):169–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Omidvar B, Kivi HK (2016) Multi-hazard failure probability analysis of gas pipelines for earthquake shaking, ground failure and fire following earthquake. Nat Hazards 82(1):703–720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheim IJ (1984) Modeling earthquake-induced fire loss. In: Proceedings, 8th world conference on earthquake engineering, vol 7, pp 777–784

  • Pham B, Jovanovic J, Bagheri E, Antony J, Ashoor H, Nguyen TT, Rios P, Robson R, Thomas SM, Watt J, Straus SE, Tricco AC (2021) Text mining to support abstract screening for knowledge syntheses: a semi-automated workflow. Syst Rev 10(1):156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qarnain SS, Muthuvel S, Sankaranarayanan B (2020) Analysis of energy conservation factors in buildings using interpretive structural modeling methodology: an Indian perspective. J Inst Eng (india): Ser A 102:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi Y (2002) A study on the reliability of fire water supply system in high-rise buildings. Fire Technol 38(1):71–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramzali N, Lavasani MRM, Ghodousi J (2015) Safety barriers analysis of offshore drilling system by employing fuzzy event tree analysis. Saf Sci 78:49–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso E, Jaimes MA, Esteva L (2010) Seismic vulnerability of an inventory of overturning objects. J Earthq Eng 14(7):1008–1021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ren A, Xie X (2004) The simulation of post-earthquake fire-prone area based on GIS. J Fire Sci 22(5):421–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roeloffs E, Sneed M, Galloway DL, Sorey ML, Farrar CD, Howle JF, Hughes J (2003) Water-level changes induced by local and distant earthquakes at Long Valley caldera, California. J Volcanol Geoth Res 127(3–4):269–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarabi S, Han Q, Romme AGL, de Vries B, Valkenburg R, den Ouden E (2020) Uptake and implementation of nature-based solutions: an analysis of barriers using Interpretive Structural Modeling. J Environ Manag 270:110749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar A, Qian L, Peau AK, Shahriar S (2020) Modeling drivers for successful adoption of green business: an interpretive structural modeling approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarreshtehdari A, Elhami Khorasani N (2020) Post-earthquake emergency response time to locations of fire ignition. J Earthq Eng 24(4):1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarreshtehdari A, Elhami Khorasani N, Coar M (2020) A streamlined approach for evaluating post-earthquake performance of an electric network. Sustain Resil Infrastruct 5(4):232–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scawthorn C (1986) Fire following earthquake. Fire Saf Sci 1:971–979

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scawthorn C (2009) Enhancements in HAZUS-MH, fire following earthquake Task3: updated ignition equation. Technical Report of SPA Project, No. 10010-01-07-01

  • Scawthorn C (2011) Fire following earthquake–analysis and mitigation in North America. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on engineering lessons learned from the 2011 great east Japan Earthquake, Tokyo, Japan, vol 1, p 913

  • Scawthorn C (2018) Fire following the MW 7.05 haywired earthquake scenario. In: 11th national conference on earthquake engineering 2018: integrating science, engineering, and policy, NCEE 2018, LA, USA, vol 11, pp 7110–7121

  • Scawthorn C (2021) Fire following earthquake—the potential in Istanbul. In: Springer tracts in civil engineering. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp 287–306

  • Scawthorn C, Eidinger JM, Schiff A (2005) Fire following earthquake. ASCE Publications, vol 26

  • Scawthorn C, O’rourke T, Blackburn F (2006) The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire—enduring lessons for fire protection and water supply. Earthq Spectra 22(2):135–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scawthorn C, Yamada Y, Iemura H (1981) A model for urban post-earthquake fire hazard. Disasters 5(2):125–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schellhous WT (2017) Factors and interactions contributing to the risk of fire following earthquake for urban Southern California. California State University, Long Beach

    Google Scholar 

  • Sekizawa A, Ebihara M, Notake H (2003) Development of seismic-induced fire risk assessment method for a building. Fire Saf Sci 7:309–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaham Y, Benenson I (2018) Modeling fire spread in cities with non-flammable construction. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 31:1337–1353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivas A, Singla HK (2020) Analysis of interaction among the factors affecting delay in construction projects using interpretive structural modelling approach. Int J Constr Manag 5:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Snegirev AY, Talalov V, Stepanov V, Harris J (2013) A new model to predict pyrolysis, ignition and burning of flammable materials in fire tests. Fire Saf J 59:132–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinbrugge KV (1968) Earthquake hazard in the San Francisco Bay Area: A continuing problem in public policy. Univ. of California at Berkeley, Inst. of Governmental Studies, Berkeley, Calif

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun C, Xu H, Jiang S (2020) Understanding the risk factors of BIM technology implementation in the construction industry: an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach. Eng Constr Archit Manag 27(10):3289–3308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor J (2003) Post earthquake fire in tall buildings and the New Zealand building code. School of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zeala

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas G, Cousins W, Lloydd D, Heron D, Mazzoni S (2003) Post-earthquake fire spread between buildings estimating and costing extent in wellington. Fire Saf Sci 7:691–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trifunac M, Todorovska M (1998) The Northridge, California, earthquake of 1994: fire ignition by strong shaking. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 17(3):165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyldesley A, Rew P, Houlding R (2004) Benefits of fire compartmentation in chemical warehouses. Process Saf Environ Prot 82(5):331–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinodh S, Asokan P (2018) ISM and Fuzzy MICMAC application for analysis of Lean Six Sigma barriers with environmental considerations. Int J Lean Six Sigma 9(1):64–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warfield JN (1974) Toward interpretation of complex structural models. IEEE Trans Syst, Man, Cybern 5:405–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weise DR, Biging GS (1996) Effects of wind velocity and slope on flame properties. Can J for Res 26(10):1849–1858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White HD, McCain KW (1997) Visualization of literatures. Ann Rev Inf Sci Technol 32:99–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson R, Groner R (2000) Ignition of fires following earthquakes associated with natural gas and electric distribution systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center , University of California

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodcock D (1996) Seismically induced water-level oscillation in a fractured-rock aquifer well near Grants Pass. Oregon Oreg Geol 58:27–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao L (2018) Analyzing consumer online group buying motivations: an interpretive structural modeling approach. Telemat Inf 35(4):629–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Z, Zhang Z, Lu X, Zeng X, Guan H (2018) Post-earthquake fire simulation considering overall seismic damage of sprinkler systems based on BIM and FEMA P-58. Autom Constr 90:9–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav G, Desai TN (2017) Analyzing lean six sigma enablers: a hybrid ISM-fuzzy MICMAC approach. TQM J 29(03):488–511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan X-L, Wang L-J (2007) Fire protection design of large-scale commercial building. Fire Sci Technol 5:523–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Zhu W, Liu X (2016) Analysis of factors influencing spontaneous combustion of oil tanks containing sulfur based on ISM and interval-numbe. China Saf Sci J 26(9):62–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Lin Y (2020) The effects of supply chain collaboration on green innovation performance: an interpretive structural modeling analysis. Sustain Prod Consum 23:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz S, Karaman H (2013) Post-earthquake ignition vulnerability assessment of Küçükçekmece District. Nat Hazard 13(12):3357–3368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz SS, Karaman H (2012) Developing a physics-based model for post-earthquake ignitions. In: 9th international conference on information systems for crisis response and management, ISCRAM 2012, Vancouver, p 106764

  • Yu T, Shi Q, Zuo J, Chen R (2018) Critical factors for implementing sustainable construction practice in HOPSCA projects: a case study in China. Sustain Cities Soc 37:93–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan C, Cui H, Wang W, Ma S (2019) Cause factors in emergency process of fire accidents for oil and gas storage and transportation systems based on ISM and AHP. J Hazard, Toxic, Radioact Waste 23(2):04018038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaharia R, Pintea D (2009) Fire after earthquake analysis of steel moment resisting frames. Int J Steel Struct 9(4):275–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng H (2012) Study on quantitative analysis of effect factors and prevention intervention of major industrial accident. South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, pp 43–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao S (2010) GisFFE—an integrated software system for the dynamic simulation of fires following an earthquake based on GIS. Fire Saf J 45(2):83–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Žižka J, Dařena F, Svoboda A (2019) Text mining with machine learning: principles and techniques. CRC Press

  • Zolfaghari M, Peyghaleh E, Nasirzadeh G (2009) Fire following earthquake, intra-structure ignition modeling. J Fire Sci 27(1):45–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71273283), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ30861) and China Scholarship Council (201806370055). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsor.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering Management, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China

    Zheng He

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410075, Hunan, China

    Zheng He

  3. Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA

    Negar Elhami Khorasani

Authors
  1. Zheng He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Negar Elhami Khorasani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Both authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by [Zheng He] and [Negar Elhami Khorasani]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Zheng He]. The review and editing were conducted by [Negar Elhami Khorasani]. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zheng He.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

He, Z., Elhami Khorasani, N. Identification and hierarchical structure of cause factors for fire following earthquake using data mining and interpretive structural modeling. Nat Hazards 112, 947–976 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05214-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05214-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation