Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Quantification of modification of ground motion due to urbanization in a 3D basin using viscoelastic finite-difference modelling

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the quantification of modification of ground motion due to urbanization in a 3D basin as compared to the free-field motion. The complex interaction effects of basin and city on the ground motion during an earthquake are termed as site–city interaction (SCI) effect in this paper. The cities were developed using 3D building blocks of sixteen-storey (city 1) and eight-storey (city 2) buildings. The analysis, in terms of ground motion perturbation and % reduction in average spectral amplification (ASA) and kinetic energy (KE) as compared to free-field motion, of the simulated responses of the various 3D basin-city models revealed very large role of basin shape, sediment layering, city shape, building type in the city and city density in the SCI effects on the free-field motion. The first spectral amplification peak frequency at the top of the buildings corroborates with the combined fundamental frequency of the building block and sediment deposit in basin. The obtained very large amplification of the order of 49 at the top of a single B8 building may be due to the closeness of the fundamental frequency of the combined basin-building system with the fundamental frequency of the basin and the dominant frequency in the input signal. This was also responsible for the larger % reduction in ASA and KE in city 2 (B8 buildings) as compared to the city 1 (B16 buildings). Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it is concluded that if a city is developed considering into account the building type, city shape and city density as per the basin shape and sediment parameters can be highly beneficial in reducing the earthquake disaster.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bard PY, Bouchon M (1980) The seismic response of sediment filled valley, Part- I. The case of incident of SH waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 70:1263–1286

    Google Scholar 

  • Boutin C, Roussillon P (2004) Assessment of the urbanization effect on seismic response. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(1):251–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaljub E, Moczo P, Tsuno S, Bard PY, Kristek J, Kaser M, Stupazzini M, Kristekova M (2010) Quantitative comparison of four numerical predictions of 3D ground motion in the Grenoble Valley, France. Bull Seismol Soc Am 100:1427–1455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chavez-Garcia FJ, Cardenas-Soto M (2002) The contribution of the built environment to the free-field ground motion in Mexico City. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 22:773–780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clouteau D, Aubry D (2001) Modification of ground motion in dense urban areas. J Comput Acoust 6:1659–1675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornou C, Gueguen P, Bard PY, Haghshenas E (2004) Ambient noise energy bursts observation and modeling: trapping of harmonic structure-soil induced–waves in a topmost sedimentary layer. J Seismol 8(4):507–524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerich H, Korn M (1987) Incorporation of attenuation into time-domain computations of seismic wave fields. Geophysics 52:1252–1264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foutch DA and Housner GW (1977) Observed changes in the natural periods of vibration of a nine story steel framed building. In: 6th WCEE, pp 2698–2704

  • Gallipoli MR, Mucciarelli M, Castro RR, Monachesi G, Contri P (2004) Structure, soil-structure response and effects of damage based on observations of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of microtremors. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 24:487–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao S, Liu H, Davis PM, Knopoff GL (1996) Localized amplification of seismic waves and correlation with damage due to the Northridge earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:S209–s230

    Google Scholar 

  • Groby JP, Tsogka C, Wirgin A (2005) Simulation of seismic response in a city-like environment. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 25(7–10):487–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gueguen P, Bard PY (2005) Soil-structure and soil-structure-soil interaction: experimental evidence at the Volvi test site. J Earthq Eng 9(5):657–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Gueguen P, Bard PY, Oliveira CS (2000) Experimental and numerical analysis of soil motion caused by free vibration of a building model. Bull Seismol Soc Am 90:1464–1479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guéguen P, Bard PY, Chavez-Garcia FJ (2002) Site-city interaction in Mexico City-like environments: an analytical study. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92(2):794–811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IS-1893 (Part 1) (2002) Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures—Part 1: General provision and buildings. Bureau of Indian Standards

  • Israeli M, Orszag SA (1981) Approximation of radiation boundary conditions. J Comp Phys 41:115–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings PC (1970) Distant motion from a building vibration test. Bull Seismol Soc Am 60:2037–2043

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamal, Narayan JP (2015) 3D basin-shape ratio effects on frequency content and spectral amplitudes of basin-generated surface waves and associated spatial ground motion amplification and differential ground motion. J Seismol. doi:10.1007/s10950-014-9466-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanamori H, Mori J, Anderson DL, Heaton TH (1991) Seismic excitation by the space shuttle Columbia. Nature 349:781–782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kham M, Semblat JF, Bard PY, Dangla P (2006) Seismic site–city interaction: main governing phenomena through simplified numerical models. Bull Seismol Soc Am 96:1934–1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WY, Sykes LR, Armitage JH, Xie JK, Jacob KH, Richards PG, West M, Waldhauser F, Armbruster J, Seeber L, Du WX, Lerner-Lam A (2001) Seismic waves generated by aircraft impacts and building collapses at World Trade Center, New York City. Eos Trans Am Geophys Union 82(47):570–571. doi:10.1029/01EO00330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kristek J, Moczo P (2003) Seismic wave propagation in viscoelastic media with material discontinuities- a 3D 4th order staggered grid finite difference modeling. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93:2273–2280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Narayan JP (2008) Implementation of absorbing boundary conditions in a 4th order accurate SH-wave staggered grid finite difference program with variable grid size. Acta Geophys 56:1090–1108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merritt RG, Housner GW (1954) Effect of foundation compliance on earthquake stresses in multi-story buildings. Bull Seismol Soc Am 44:551–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Moczo P, Kristek J, Vavrycuk V, Archuleta RJ, Halada L (2002) 3D heterogeneous staggered-grid finite-difference modelling of seismic motion with volume harmonic and arithmetic averaging of elastic moduli and densities. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:3042–3066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan JP (2005) Study of basin-edge effects on the ground motion characteristics using 2.5-D modeling. Pure Appl GEOPHYS 162:273–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan JP (2012) Effects of P-wave and S-wave impedance contrast on the characteristics of basin transduced Rayleigh waves. Pure Appl Geophys 169:693–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan JP, Kumar V (2014a) P-SV wave time-domain finite-difference algorithm with realistic damping and a combined study of effects of sediment rheology and basement focusing. Acta Geophys 62:1214–1245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan JP, Kumar R (2014b) Spatial spectral amplification of basin-transduced rayleigh waves. Nat Hazards 71:751–765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan JP, Sahar D (2014) 3D viscoelastic finite-difference code and modelling of basement focusing effects on ground motion characteristics. Comput Geosci. doi:10.1007/s10596-014-9442-y

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayan JP, Sharma ML, Kumar A (2002) A seismological report on the January 26, 2001 earthquake at Bhuj. India Seismol Res Lett 73:343–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahar D, Narayan JP, Kumar N (2015) Study of role of basin-shape in the site-city-interaction effects on the ground motion characteristics. Nat Hazards. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1366-2

    Google Scholar 

  • Semblat JF, Kham M, Bard PY (2008) Seismic-wave propagation in alluvial basins and influence of site-city interaction. Bull Seismol Soc Am 98:2665–2678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semblat JF, Lokmane N, Driad-Lebeau L, Bonnet G (2010) Local amplification of deep mining induced vibrations Part 2: Simulation of ground motion in a coal basin. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30(10):947–995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart JP, Seed RB, Fenves GL (1999) Seismic soil-structure interaction in buildings, II: empirical findings. J Geotech Geo-environ Eng 125:38–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taborda R, Bielak J (2011) Large-scale earthquake simulation- Computational seismology and complex engineering systems. Comput Sci Eng 13:14–26. doi:10.1109/MCSE.2011.19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsogka C, Wirgin A (2003) Simulation of seismic response in an idealized city. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 23:391–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirgin A, Bard PY (1996) Effects of building on the duration and amplitude of ground motion in Mexico City. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:914–920

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf JP (1985) Dynamic soil-structure interaction. Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong HL, Trifunac MD (1975) Two dimensional antiplane building-soil-building interaction for two or more buildings and for incident plane SH waves. Bull Seismol Soc Am 65:1863–1885

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng C, Xia J, Miller R, Tsoflias G (2012) An improved vacuum formulation for 2D finite-difference modeling of Rayleigh waves including surface topography and internal discontinuities. Geophysics 77:T1–T9

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The second author is grateful to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, for financial assistance through Grant Number MES-484-EQD.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    D. Sahar & J. P. Narayan

Authors
  1. D. Sahar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. P. Narayan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. P. Narayan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sahar, D., Narayan, J.P. Quantification of modification of ground motion due to urbanization in a 3D basin using viscoelastic finite-difference modelling. Nat Hazards 81, 779–806 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2105-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2105-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation