Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Water environment early warning index system in Tongzhou District

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Natural Hazards Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Water environment warning system is an effective way to reduce water environment degradation. It protects lives and property in a timely and preventive manner from a pollution accident-prone area. Two water environment early warning index systems, gradual changing warning index system under drought conditions and sudden water pollution acute events index system, were established in Tongzhou District, Jiangsu, China. The methods and procedures for the two index systems were investigated. Indicators were chosen and justified based on recent research. Gradual changing warning indices included precipitation anomaly percentage, continuous non-precipitation days, and river levels, while socioeconomic effect indicators and natural environment effect indicators were included in sudden water pollution indices. Analytic hierarchy process was adopted to build the systems. Comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the warning level. Both one- and two-dimensional unsteady-state water quality models were applied to calculate pollutant concentration variation for acute events. Preliminary results indicated that both water environment warning index systems could be established and used practically in Tongzhou District. Different warning levels could be determined according to specific assessment supported by empirical data and theoretical evaluation. Use of the warning systems could provide economic and environmental benefits for this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams SM, Greeley MS (2000) Ecotoxicological indicators of water quality: using multi-response indicators to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. Water Air Soil Pollut 123(1–4):103–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfieri L, Salamon P, Pappenberger F, Wetterhall F, Thielen J (2012) Operational early warning systems for water-related hazards in Europe. Environ Sci Policy 21:35–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arheimer B, Lindström G, Olsson J (2011) A systematic review of sensitivities in the Swedish flood-forecasting system. Atmos Res 100(2):275–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chae BG, Kim MI (2012) Suggestion of a method for landslide early warning using the change in the volumetric water content gradient due to rainfall infiltration. Environ Earth Sci 66:1973–1986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaves HM, Alipaz S (2007) An integrated indicator based on basin hydrology, environment, life, and policy: the watershed sustainability index. Water Resour Manag 21(5):883–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drake P, Baldó F, Cuesta JA et al (1999) Initial effects of the toxic waste spill (Aznalcóllar mine accident) on the aquatic macrofauna of the Guadalquivir Estuary. Sci Total Environ 242(1):271–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water, National standard, GB 3838-2002, 2002

  • Fu GW (1987) River water quality model and its simulation and calculation. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Grey D, Sadoff CW (2007) Sink or swim? Water security for growth and development. Water Policy 9(6):545–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertwich EG, Pease WS, Koshland CP (1997) Evaluating the environmental impact of products and production processes: a comparison of six methods. Sci Total Environ 196(1):13–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang XR (2009) Study on the early warning index system of water pollution accidents for the Three Gorges reservoir in Chongqing. Dissertation, Southwest University

  • ISDR (2004) Terminology: basic terms of disaster risk reduction. UNISDR.org web. http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_7819isdrterminology11.pdf

  • Ji J, Shen JQ, Sun FH (2010) The index system of sudden water pollution incident impacting on the social system harmony. J Suzhou Univ (Philos Soc Sci) 31(6):45–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Juwana I, Perera B, Muttil N (2010) A water sustainability index for West Java. Part 1: Developing the conceptual framework. Water Sci Technol 62(7):1629–1640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juwana I, Muttil N, Perera BJC (2012) Indicator-based water sustainability assessment—a review. Sci Total Environ 438:357–371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li BR, Zhang DY, Dong JL, Jia SY (2005) Study on the mingled and spread model of the main pollutants at the section of Yellow River in Baotou City. J Arid Land Resour Environ 19(6):186–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Quenemoen LE, Malilay J, Noji E, Sinks T, Mendlein J (1996) Assessment of a severe-weather warning system and disaster preparedness, Calhoun County, Alabama, 1994. Am J Public Health 86(1):87–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lv LH, Luo H, Lu CJ (2010) Empirical research on early warning index system for sudden water pollution accident. China Saf Sci J 20(4):148–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsden MW, Mackay DW (2001) Water quality in Scotland: the view of the regulator. Sci Total Environ 265(1):369–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Environmental Emergencies Contingency Plan. Chinese Government, 2006

  • Pintér GG (1999) The Danube accident emergency warning system. Water Sci Technol 40(10):27–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puzicha H (1994) Evaluation and avoidance of false alarm by controlling Rhine water with continuously working biotests. Water Sci Technol 29(3):207–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiu N, Ge JH, Zhang XJ, Yang K, Zhang QL (2013) Research of water environment security fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. China Rural Water Hydropower 6:61–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers D, Tsirkunov V (2011) Costs and benefits of early warning systems. Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction. ISDR and World Bank

  • Rui XF (2004) Principle of hydrology. China Water Power Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL (1980) The analytic hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, resource allocation. McGraw-Hill International Book Co., New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Saaty TL, Hu G (1998) Ranking by eigenvector versus other methods in the analytic hierarchy process. Appl Math Lett 11(4):121–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi WR, Li Y, Deng CG, Fan M, Cai ZL (2009) Design and implementation of water environment safety risk assessment model based on AHP. Chin J Sci Instrum 30(50):1009–1013

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva CA et al (2009) Evaluation of waterborne exposure to oil spill 5 years after an accident in Southern Brazil. Ecotox Environ Saf 72(2):400–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen JH (2000) Hazard warning systems: review of 20 years of progress. Nat Hazards Rev 1(2):119–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Standard of Classification for Drought Severity, Water conservancy standard in China, SL 424-2008, 2008

  • Storey MV, van der Gaag B, Burns BP (2011) Advances in on-line drinking water quality monitoring and early warning systems. Water Res 45(2):741–747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan C, Meigh J, Lawrence P (2006) Application of the water poverty index at different scales: a cautionary tale: in memory of Jeremy Meigh who gave his life’s work to the improvement of people’s lives. Water Int 31(3):412–426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teisberg TJ, Weiher RF (2009) Background paper on the benefits and costs of early warning systems for major natural hazards. World Bank, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian JY, Gang GS (2012) Research on regional ecological security assessment. Int Conf Future Energy Environ Mater. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.188

    Google Scholar 

  • Verlaan M, Zijderveld A, de Vries H, Kroos J (2005) Operational storm surge forecasting in the Netherlands: developments in the last decade. Philos Trans R Soc A 363(1831):1441–1453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White GF (1973) Natural hazards research. Methuen & Co. Ltd, London, pp 193–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao SC, Li JX, Xiao HL, Liu FM (2008) Comprehensive assessment of water security for inland watersheds in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China. Environ Geol 55:369–376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XJ, Yang K, Cai AF, Zhang QL (2012) Influence of uncertainty parameters on assimilative capacity of water body. China Rural Water Hydropower 1:13–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XJ, Bai XJ, Ge JH, Xiao Y (2013) Evaluation index system and method of evaluation for water environment security in Tongzhou. Water Resour Power 31(6):78–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the projects initiated by the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Provincial Water Resources Department. The authors appreciate the Hydrological Bureau of Nantong City and the Water Conservancy Bureau of Tongzhou District for their help in data collection.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Xiu-ju Zhang, Ning Qiu, Wen-Rong Zhao, Huan An & Julius Lissa Tommy

Authors
  1. Xiu-ju Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ning Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wen-Rong Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Huan An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Julius Lissa Tommy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiu-ju Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Xj., Qiu, N., Zhao, WR. et al. Water environment early warning index system in Tongzhou District. Nat Hazards 75, 2699–2714 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1456-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1456-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation