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Household response to cyclone and induced surge in coastal Bangladesh: coping strategies and explanatory variables

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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to explore indigenous coping strategies and identify underlying demographic, socio-economic and other relevant variables that influence the adoption of coping strategies in three distinct cyclone-prone coastal villages of Bangladesh. The study finds that cyclones and induced surges are a recurrent phenomenon in coastal Bangladesh; hence people are used to adjusting their lifestyle and adopting their own coping strategies intelligently. Adoption of a particular set of coping strategies depends not only on the magnitude, intensity and potential impacts of the cyclone and induced surge, but also age, gender, social class, dissemination of early warning information, locational exposure, external assistance, social protection and informal risk sharing mechanisms within the community. Indigenous cyclone disaster prevention and mitigation strategies significantly minimize the vulnerability of the people. Under extreme situations, when such disasters surpass the shock-bearing capacity of the victims, informal risk sharing mechanisms through social bonding and social safety-nets become vital for short-term survival and long-term livelihood security. Therefore, proper monitoring and understanding of local indigenous coping strategies are essential in order to target the most vulnerable groups exposed to disasters. Additionally, proper dissemination of early warning and government and non-government partnerships for relief and rehabilitation activities should be prioritized to ensure pro-poor disaster management activities. The study also recommends effective monitoring of the impact of aid to ensure corrective measures to avoid the development of relief dependency by disaster victims.

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Notes

  1. Functionally landless means having less than 0.49 acre of land (FAO 2004).

  2. Such variables are used in previous studies of Khandker (2007), Mozumder et al. (2008), Smucker and Wisner (2008), Ray-Bennett (2009), and Paul and Routray (2010).

  3. Machan is an indigenous structure made of bamboo or wood. It is a platform prepared for sleeping, tied with bamboo or wooden pillars. People live and keep all the belongings on it during storm surge.

  4. In coastal areas people prepare houses in such a way that they can use the upper part of a house as a shelter to save their lives and belongings and is called Pataton.

  5. Dola or Gola are giant basket made of bamboo and polished with soil and cow dung, where people keep their household items, seeds etc.

  6. Motka is an indigenous earthen pot to store food, seeds etc.

  7. Shika is prepared by jute or hugla plants, by which people hang their valuables from the roof.

  8. A safety-hole needs to be dug about 2–3 feet into the floor of the house or in an open place to keep food, goods, jewelry or other valuables. People usually wrap the items in polythene-bags and cloths, and put a soil layer over it. They can retrieve these when the disaster is over.

  9. Gur is a locally made sweet from sugarcane.

  10. Arotdar is a moneylender who usually borrows money from local commercial banks and NGOs and distributes it to the fishermen through a middle man.

  11. Mahajan in general invests money in a variety of businesses for profit making through money lending.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is based on a Doctoral thesis by Shitangsu Kumar Paul, which was supervised by Jayant K. Routray. We would like to thank the Asian Institute of Technology and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA) for their financial assistance. We would also like to express our gratitude to the anonymous peer reviewers for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper and Mr. Clinton Smith for language correction.

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  1. Regional and Rural Development Planning, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand

    Shitangsu Kumar Paul & Jayant K. Routray

  2. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Shitangsu Kumar Paul

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Correspondence to Shitangsu Kumar Paul.

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Paul, S.K., Routray, J.K. Household response to cyclone and induced surge in coastal Bangladesh: coping strategies and explanatory variables. Nat Hazards 57, 477–499 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9631-5

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