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Morituri te salutant? Olfactory signal transduction and the role of phosphoinositides

  • Published:
Journal of Neurocytology

Abstract

During the past 150 years, researchers have investigated the cellular, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying the sense of smell. Based on these efforts, a conclusive model of olfactory signal transduction in the vertebrate's nose is now available, spanning from G-protein-mediated odorant receptors to ion channels, which are linked by a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-mediated signal transduction cascade. Here we review some historical milestones in the chronology of olfactory research, particularly emphasising the role of cyclic nucleotides and inositol trisphosphate as alternative second messengers in olfactory cells. We will describe the functional anatomy of the nose, outline the cellular composition of the olfactory epithelium, and describe the discovery of the molecular backbone of the olfactory signal transduction cascade. We then summarize our current model, in which cyclic adenosine monophosphate is the sole excitatory second messenger in olfactory sensory neurons. Finally, a possible significance of microvillous olfactory epithelial cells and inositol trisphosphate in olfaction will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

AC-3:

(adenylyl cyclase type III)

cAMP:

(cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate)

CaCC:

(Ca2+-activated chloride channel)

CaM:

(calmodulin)

CNG channel:

(cyclic nucleotide-gated channel)

DAG:

(1,2-diacylglycerol)

DIC:

(differential interference contrast)

InsP3 :

(inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)

InsP3R-III:

(type III InsP3-receptors)

MAP2b:

(microtubule-associated protein 2b)

NKCC1:

(type 1 sodium-potassium-2 chloride cotransporter)

OMP:

(olfactory marker protein)

PDE:

(phosphodiesterase)

PKC:

(protein kinase C)

PLC β2:

(phospholipase C beta-2)

TRPC6:

(type 6 classical transient receptor potential channels)

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  1. School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 N. Wolfe St., 408 WBSB, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Rebecca Elsaesser

  2. Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology and Neurogenetics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Jacques Paysan

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Elsaesser, R., Paysan, J. Morituri te salutant? Olfactory signal transduction and the role of phosphoinositides. J Neurocytol 34, 97–116 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11068-005-5050-z

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