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Neuropsychological Contributions to the Early Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Abstract

A wealth of evidence demonstrates that a prodromal period of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exists for some years prior to the appearance of significant cognitive and functional declines required for the clinical diagnosis. This prodromal period of decline is characterized by a number of different neuropsychological and brain changes, and reliable identification of individuals prior to the development of significant clinical symptoms remains a top priority of research. In this review we provide an overview of those neuropsychological changes. In particular, we examine specific domains of cognition that appear to be negatively affected during the prodromal period of AD, and we review newer analytic strategies designed to examine cognitive asymmetries or discrepancies between higher-order cognitive functions versus fundamental skills. Finally, we provide a critical examination of the clinical concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment and offer suggestions for an increased focus on the impact of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk during the prodromal period of AD.

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Acknowledgements

This critical review was supported by funds from NIA grants P50 AG005131 (MWB, DPS), RO1 AG012674 (MWB), and K24 AG026431 (MWB) to the University of California San Diego and the Veterans Medical Research Foundation, by grants from the Department of Veterans Affairs (DCD, AJJ, MWJ), and by a grant from the Alzheimer’s Association (AJJ). The authors wish to thank our many collaborators and volunteers at the UCSD Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Mark W. Bondi, Amy J. Jak, Lisa Delano-Wood, Mark W. Jacobson & Dean C. Delis

  2. Psychology Service, San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Mark W. Bondi & Dean C. Delis

  3. Research Service, San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Amy J. Jak & Mark W. Jacobson

  4. Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    David P. Salmon

  5. VA San Diego Healthcare System (116B), 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA

    Mark W. Bondi

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Correspondence to Mark W. Bondi.

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Bondi, M.W., Jak, A.J., Delano-Wood, L. et al. Neuropsychological Contributions to the Early Identification of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychol Rev 18, 73–90 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-008-9054-1

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