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Uptake and Metabolism of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Brain Cells

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Abstract

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are used for various applications in biomedicine, for example as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, for cell tracking and for anti-tumor treatment. However, IONPs are also known for their toxic effects on cells and tissues which are at least in part caused by iron-mediated radical formation and oxidative stress. The potential toxicity of IONPs is especially important concerning the use of IONPs for neurobiological applications as alterations in brain iron homeostasis are strongly connected with human neurodegenerative diseases. Since IONPs are able to enter the brain, potential adverse consequences of an exposure of brain cells to IONPs have to be considered. This article describes the pathways that allow IONPs to enter the brain and summarizes the current knowledge on the uptake, the metabolism and the toxicity of IONPs for the different types of brain cells in vitro and in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would very much like to thank Dr. Thomas Frederichs (University of Bremen) and Dr. Karsten Thiel (IFAM, Bremen) for their support in the characterization of our IONPs.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry), University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany

    Charlotte Petters & Ralf Dringen

  2. Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Charlotte Petters & Ralf Dringen

  3. Department of Neuropharmacology, Centre for Cognitive Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Ellen Irrsack & Michael Koch

Authors
  1. Charlotte Petters
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  2. Ellen Irrsack
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  3. Michael Koch
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  4. Ralf Dringen
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Correspondence to Ralf Dringen.

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Petters, C., Irrsack, E., Koch, M. et al. Uptake and Metabolism of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Brain Cells. Neurochem Res 39, 1648–1660 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1380-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-014-1380-5

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