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Intertissue Differences for the Role of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Metabolism

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Abstract

The enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) plays an important role in integrating mitochondrial metabolism of amino acids and ammonia. Glutamate may function as a respiratory substrate in the oxidative deamination direction of GDH, which also yields α-ketoglutarate. In the reductive amination direction GDH produces glutamate, which can then be used for other cellular needs such as amino acid synthesis via transamination. The production or removal of ammonia by GDH is also an important consequence of flux through this enzyme. However, the abundance and role of GDH in cellular metabolism varies by tissue. Here we discuss the different roles the house-keeping form of GDH has in major organs of the body and how GDH may be important to regulating aspects of intermediary metabolism. The near-equilibrium poise of GDH in liver and controversy over cofactor specificity and regulation is discussed, as well as, the role of GDH in regulation of renal ammoniagenesis, and the possible importance of GDH activity in the release of nitrogen carriers by the small intestine.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by a Discovery Grant (JRT) from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the Canada Research Chairs (CRC) program. JRT is the Canada Research Chair in Environmental Dynamics and Metabolism (NSERC tier II). Research by DW is funded by a NSERC Discovery Grant.

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  1. Department of Biologcal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    Jason R. Treberg, Sheena Banh, Umesh Pandey & Dirk Weihrauch

  2. Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    Jason R. Treberg

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  1. Jason R. Treberg
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Correspondence to Jason R. Treberg.

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Treberg, J.R., Banh, S., Pandey, U. et al. Intertissue Differences for the Role of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Metabolism. Neurochem Res 39, 516–526 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-013-0998-z

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