Skip to main content
Log in

Malondialdehyde, Bcl-2, Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase may Mediate the Association of Sonic Hedgehog Protein and Oxidative Stress in Autism

  • Comments
  • Published:
Neurochemical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sonic hedgehog signaling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor play a neuro-protective role against oxidative stress in autism. Sonic hedgehog also increases Bcl-2 expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The level or activity of Bcl-2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase are decreased in autism. Sonic hedgehog also decreases the production of malondialdehyde that its level is high in autism. Therefore, it is supposed that sonic hedgehog may be associated with oxidative stress in autism through other pathways too.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

References

  1. Al-Ayadhi LY (2011) Relationship between sonic hedgehog protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorders. Neurochem Res [Epub ahead of print]

  2. Sheikh AM et al (2010) Cathepsin D and apoptosis related proteins are elevated in the brain of autistic subjects. Neuroscience 165(2):363–370

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nguyen A et al (2010) Global methylation profiling of lymphoblastoid cell lines reveals epigenetic contributions to autism spectrum disorders and a novel autism candidate gene, RORA, whose protein product is reduced in autistic brain. FASEB J 24(8):3036–3051

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Araghi-Niknam M, Fatemi SH (2003) Levels of Bcl-2 and P53 are altered in superior frontal and cerebellar cortices of autistic subjects. Cell Mol Neurobiol 23(6):945–952

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fatemi SH et al (2001) Dysregulation of Reelin and Bcl-2 proteins in autistic cerebellum. J Autism Dev Disord 31(6):529–535

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Boso M et al (2006) Targeting cerebral Bcl-2 expression as a potential therapeutic target in autism: potential usefulness of human recombinant nerve growth factor. Med Hypotheses 67(5):1256–1257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Correia CT et al (2010) Increased BDNF levels and NTRK2 gene association suggest a disruption of BDNF/TrkB signaling in autism. Genes Brain Behav 9(7):841–848

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sheikh AM et al (2010) BDNF-Akt-Bcl2 antiapoptotic signaling pathway is compromised in the brain of autistic subjects. J Neurosci Res 88(12):2641–2647

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gadow KD et al (2009) Association of COMT (Val158Met) and BDNF (Val66Met) gene polymorphisms with anxiety, ADHD and tics in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 39(11):1542–1551

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Al-Gadani Y et al (2009) Metabolic biomarkers related to oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Saudi autistic children. Clin Biochem 42(10–11):1032–1040

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chauhan A, Chauhan V (2006) Oxidative stress in autism. Pathophysiology 13(3):171–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yorbik O et al (2002) Investigation of antioxidant enzymes in children with autistic disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 67(5):341–343

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Meguid NA et al (2011) Evaluation of oxidative stress in autism: defective antioxidant enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation. Biol Trace Elem Res 143(1):58–65

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dai RL et al (2011) Sonic hedgehog protects cortical neurons against oxidative stress. Neurochem Res 36(1):67–75

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ghanizadeh A (2011) Could fever and neuroinflammation play a role in the neurobiology of autism? A subject worthy of more research. Int J Hyperthermia 27(7):737–738

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ghanizadeh A (2011) Oxidative stress may mediate association of stereotypy and immunity in autism, a novel explanation with clinical and research implications. J Neuroimmunol 232(1–2):194–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ghanizadeh A (2011) Nuclear factor kappa B may increase insight into the management of neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity in autism. Expert Opin Ther Targets 15(6):781–783

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ghanizadeh A (2011) A novel hypothesized clinical implication of zonisamide for autism. Ann Neurol 69(2):426 (author reply 426–427)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ghanizadeh A (2011) Gold implants and increased expression of metallothionein-I/II as a novel hypothesized therapeutic approach for autism. Toxicology 283(1):63–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ghanizadeh A (2011) Targeting of glycine site on NMDA receptor as a possible new strategy for autism treatment. Neurochem Res 36(5):922–923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ghanizadeh A (2010) Targeting neurotensin as a potential novel approach for the treatment of autism. J Neuroinflammation 7:58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Ghanizadeh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ghanizadeh, A. Malondialdehyde, Bcl-2, Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase may Mediate the Association of Sonic Hedgehog Protein and Oxidative Stress in Autism. Neurochem Res 37, 899–901 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-011-0667-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-011-0667-z

Keywords

Navigation